NEN EN 1999-1-1 : 2011

Foreword
1 General
   1.1 Scope
        1.1.1 Scope of EN 1999
        1.1.2 Scope of EN 1999-1-1
   1.2 Normative references
        1.2.1 General references
        1.2.2 References on structural design
        1.2.3 References on aluminium alloys
        1.2.4 References on welding
        1.2.5 Other references
   1.3 Assumptions
   1.4 Distinction between principles and application rules
   1.5 Terms and definitions
   1.6 Symbols
   1.7 Conventions for member axes
   1.8 Specification for execution of the work
2 Basis of design
   2.1 Requirements
        2.1.1 Basic requirements
        2.1.2 Reliability management
        2.1.3 Design working life, durability and robustness
   2.2 Principles of limit state design
   2.3 Basic variables
        2.3.1 Actions and environmental influences
        2.3.2 Material and product properties
   2.4 Verification by the partial factor method
        2.4.1 Design value of material properties
        2.4.2 Design value of geometrical data
        2.4.3 Design resistances
        2.4.4 Verification of static equilibrium (EQU)
   2.5 Design assisted by testing
3 Materials
   3.1 General
   3.2 Structural aluminium
        3.2.1 Range of materials
        3.2.2 Material properties for wrought aluminium alloys
        3.2.3 Material properties for cast aluminium alloys
        3.2.4 Dimensions, mass and tolerances
        3.2.5 Design values of material constants
   3.3 Connecting devices
        3.3.1 General
        3.3.2 Bolts, nuts and washers
        3.3.3 Rivets
        3.3.4 Welding consumables
        3.3.5 Adhesives
4 Durability
5 Structural analysis
   5.1 Structural modelling for analysis
        5.1.1 Structural modelling and basic assumptions
        5.1.2 Joint modelling
        5.1.3 Ground-structure interaction
   5.2 Global analysis
        5.2.1 Effects of deformed geometry of the structure
        5.2.2 Structural stability of frames
   5.3 Imperfections
        5.3.1 Basis
        5.3.2 Imperfections for global analysis of frames
        5.3.3 Imperfection for analysis of bracing systems
        5.3.4 Member imperfections
   5.4 Methods of analysis
        5.4.1 General
        5.4.2 Elastic global analysis
        5.4.3 Plastic global analysis
6 Ultimate limit states for members
   6.1 Basis
        6.1.1 General
        6.1.2 Characteristic value of strength
        6.1.3 Partial safety factors
        6.1.4 Classification of cross-sections
        6.1.5 Local buckling resistance
        6.1.6 HAZ softening adjacent to welds
   6.2 Resistance of cross-sections
        6.2.1 General
        6.2.2 Section properties
        6.2.3 Tension
        6.2.4 Compression
        6.2.5 Bending moment
        6.2.6 Shear
        6.2.7 Torsion
        6.2.8 Bending and shear
        6.2.9 Bending and axial force
        6.2.10 Bending, shear and axial force
        6.2.11 Web bearing
   6.3 Buckling resistance of members
        6.3.1 Members in compression
        6.3.2 Members in bending
        6.3.3 Members in bending and axial compression
   6.4 Uniform built-up members
        6.4.1 General
        6.4.2 Laced compression members
        6.4.3 Battened compression members
        6.4.4 Closely spaced built-up members
   6.5 Un-stiffened plates under in-plane loading
        6.5.1 General
        6.5.2 Resistance under uniform compression
        6.5.3 Resistance under in-plane moment
        6.5.4 Resistance under transverse or longitudinal
               stress gradient
        6.5.5 Resistance under shear
        6.5.6 Resistance under combined action
   6.6 Stiffened plates under in-plane loading
        6.6.1 General
        6.6.2 Stiffened plates under uniform compression
        6.6.3 Stiffened plates under in-plane moment
        6.6.4 Longitudinal stress gradient on multi-stiffened
               plates
        6.6.5 Multi-stiffened plating in shear
        6.6.6 Buckling load for orthotropic plates
   6.7 Plate girders
        6.7.1 General
        6.7.2 Resistance of girders under in-plane bending
        6.7.3 Resistance of girders with longitudinal
               web stiffeners
        6.7.4 Resistance to shear
        6.7.5 Resistance to transverse loads
        6.7.6 Interaction
        6.7.7 Flange induced buckling
        6.7.8 Web stiffeners
   6.8 Members with corrugated webs
        6.8.1 Bending moment resistance
        6.8.2 Shear force resistance
7 Serviceability Limit States
   7.1 General
   7.2 Serviceability limit states for buildings
        7.2.1 Vertical deflections
        7.2.2 Horizontal deflections
        7.2.3 Dynamic effects
        7.2.4 Calculation of elastic deflection
8 Design of joints
   8.1 Basis of design
        8.1.1 Introduction
        8.1.2 Applied forces and moments
        8.1.3 Resistance of joints
        8.1.4 Design assumptions
        8.1.5 Fabrication and execution
   8.2 Intersections for bolted, riveted and welded joints
   8.3 Joints loaded in shear subject to impact, vibration
        and/or load reversal
   8.4 Classification of joints
   8.5 Connections made with bolts, rivets and pins
        8.5.1 Positioning of holes for bolts and rivets
        8.5.2 Deductions for fastener holes
        8.5.3 Categories of bolted connections
        8.5.4 Distribution of forces between fasteners
        8.5.5 Design resistances of bolts
        8.5.6 Design resistance of rivets
        8.5.7 Countersunk bolts and rivets
        8.5.8 Hollow rivets and rivets with mandrel
        8.5.9 High strength bolts in slip-resistant
               connections
        8.5.10 Prying forces
        8.5.11 Long joints
        8.5.12 Single lap joints with fasteners in one row
        8.5.13 Fasteners through packings
        8.5.14 Pin connections
   8.6 Welded connections
        8.6.1 General
        8.6.2 Heat-affected zone (HAZ)
        8.6.3 Design of welded connections
   8.7 Hybrid connections
   8.8 Adhesive bonded connections
   8.9 Other joining methods
Annex A [normative] - Execution classes
Annex B [normative] - Equivalent T-stub in tension
   B.1 General rules for evaluation of resistance
   B.2 Individual bolt-row, bolt-groups and groups of bolt-rows
Annex C [informative] - Materials selection
   C.1 General
   C.2 Wrought products
        C.2.1 Wrought heat treatable alloys
        C.2.2 Wrought non-heat treatable alloys
   C.3 Cast products
        C.3.1 General
        C.3.2 Heat treatable casting alloys EN AC-42100,
               EN AC-42200, EN AC-43000 and EN AC-43300
        C.3.3 Non-heat treatable casting alloys EN AC-44200
               and EN AC-51300
        C.3.4 Special design rules for castings
   C.4 Connecting devices
        C.4.1 Aluminium bolts
        C.4.2 Aluminium rivets
Annex D [informative] - Corrosion and surface protection
   D.1 Corrosion of aluminium under various exposure
        conditions
   D.2 Durability ratings of aluminium alloys
   D.3 Corrosion protection
        D.3.1 General
        D.3.2 Overall corrosion protection of structural
               aluminium
        D.3.3 Aluminium in contact with aluminium and other metals
        D.3.4 Aluminium surfaces in contact with non-metallic
               materials
Annex E [informative] - Analytical models for stress strain
                        relationship
   E.1 Scope
   E.2 Analytical models
        E.2.1 Piecewise linear models
        E.2.2 Continuous models
   E.3 Approximate evaluation of [epsilon][u]
Annex F [informative] - Behaviour of cross-sections beyond
                        the elastic limit
   F.1 General
   F.2 Definition of cross-section limit states
   F.3 Classification of cross-sections according to limit
        states
   F.4 Evaluation of ultimate axial load
   F.5 Evaluation of ultimate bending moment
Annex G [informative] - Rotation capacity
Annex H [informative] - Plastic hinge method for continuous
                        beams
Annex I [informative] - Lateral torsional buckling of beams
                        and torsional or torsional-flexural
                        buckling of compressed members
   I.1 Elastic critical moment and slenderness
        I.1.1 Basis
        I.1.2 General formula for beams with uniform cross-sections
               symmetrical about the minor or major axis
        I.1.3 Beams with uniform cross-sections symmetrical
               about major axis, centrally symmetric
               and doubly symmetric cross-sections
        I.1.4 Cantilevers with uniform cross-sections
               symmetrical about the minor axis
   I.2 Slenderness for lateral torsional buckling
   I.3 Elastic critical axial force for torsional and
        torsional-flexural buckling
   I.4 Slenderness for torsional and torsional-flexural buckling
Annex J [informative] - Properties of cross sections
   J.1 Torsion constant I[t]
   J.2 Position of shear centre S
   J.3 Warping constant I[w]
   J.4 Cross section constants for open thin-walled
        cross sections
   J.5 Cross section constants for open cross section
        with branches
   J.6 Torsion constant and shear center of cross section
        with closed part
Annex K [informative] - Shear lag effects in member design
   K.1 General
   K.2 Effective width for elastic shear lag
        K.2.1 Effective width factor for shear lag
        K.2.2 Stress distribution for shear lag
        K.2.3 In-plane load effects
   K.3 Shear lag at ultimate limit states
Annex L [informative] - Classification of joints
   L.1 General
   L.2 Fully restoring connections
   L.3 Partially restoring connections
   L.4 Classification according to rigidity
   L.5 Classification according to strength
   L.6 Classification according to ductility
   L.7 General design requirements for connections
   L.8 Requirements for framing connections
        L.8.1 General
        L.8.2 Nominally pinned connections
        L.8.3 Built-in connections
Annex M [informative] - Adhesive bonded connections
   M.1 General
   M.2 Adhesives
   M.3 Design of adhesive bonded joints
        M.3.1 General
        M.3.2 Characteristic strength of adhesives
        M.3.3 Design shear stress
   M.4 Tests

Applies to the design of buildings and civil engineering and structural works in aluminium. It complies with the principles and requirements for the safety and serviceability of structures, the basis of their design and verification that are given in EN 1990 - Basis of structural design.