IEEE C57.147-2008
Superseded
A superseded Standard is one, which is fully replaced by another Standard, which is a new edition of the same Standard.
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IEEE Guide for Acceptance and Maintenance of Natural Ester Fluids in Transformers
10-15-2021
English
07-13-2008
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1 Overview
1.1 Scope
1.2 Purpose
1.3 System design
1.4 Background information on mixtures of natural ester fluids
with other dielectric liquids
2 Normative references
3 Acronyms and abbreviations
4 Fluid tests and the significance of each test
4.1 General
4.2 Practices for sampling (ASTM D923 and ASTM D3305)
4.3 Acid number (ASTM D664 and ASTM D974)
4.4 Dielectric breakdown voltage (ASTM D1816)
4.5 Dielectric breakdown voltage - Impulse conditions (ASTM D3300)
4.6 AC loss characteristics - Dissipation factor and relative
permittivity (ASTM D924)
4.7 Interfacial tension (ASTM D971)
4.8 Color (ASTM D1500)
4.9 Kinematic viscosity (ASTM D445)
4.10 Flash point and fire point - Cleveland Open Cup Method
(ASTM D92)
4.11 Relative density (ASTM D1298)
4.12 Pour point (ASTM D97)
4.13 Volume resistivity (ASTM D1169)
4.14 Gas analysis (ASTM D3612)
4.15 Oxidation stability
4.16 Water content - Karl Fischer Method (ASTM D1533)
4.17 Visual examination field test (ASTM D1524 and ASTM D1500)
4.18 Gassing of insulating oils under electrical stress and
ionization (ASTM D2300)
4.19 Corrosive sulfur test (ASTM D1275, Method B)
4.20 Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) (ASTM D4059)
5 Fluid compatibility with transformer materials
6 Handling and evaluation of natural ester fluids for use in
filling transformers at the installation site
6.1 General
6.2 Shipping containers
6.3 Check tests on receipt
6.4 Handling of the fluid by the user and placing the fluid in
storage
6.5 Handling and testing of natural ester fluids for installation
into apparatus
7 Evaluation of natural ester fluids received in new equipment
and after filling apparatus on-site
8 Maintenance of natural ester fluids
8.1 Field screening
8.2 Laboratory screening
8.3 Test limits for service-aged natural ester fluids
8.4 Reconditioning
8.5 Reclaiming
8.6 Mixtures of different types of dielectric fluids
9 Safety and environmental care procedures
9.1 General
9.2 Leaks
9.3 Minor spills
9.4 Spills on soil
9.5 Spills on water
Annex A (informative) Bibliography
Annex B (informative) Additional technical information
Suggests tests and evaluation procedures, as well as criteria and methods of maintenance, for natural ester-based transformer insulating fluids. These base fluids are also known as vegetable seed oils. Methods of reconditioning natural ester-based insulating fluids are also described.
| Committee |
Transformers
|
| DocumentType |
Standard
|
| Pages |
31
|
| PublisherName |
Institute of Electrical & Electronics Engineers
|
| Status |
Superseded
|
| SupersededBy |
| CEI EN 60076-14 : 2014 | POWER TRANSFORMERS - PART 14: LIQUID-IMMERSED POWER TRANSFORMERS USING HIGH-TEMPERATURE INSULATION MATERIALS |
| 12/30257150 DC : 0 | BS EN 62770 - FLUIDS FOR ELECTROTECHNICAL APPLICATIONS - UNUSED NATURAL ESTERS LIQUIDS FOR TRANSFORMERS AND SIMILAR ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT |
| 12/30263868 DC : 0 | BS EN 60076-14 - POWER TRANSFORMERS - PART 14: LIQUID-IMMERSED POWER TRANSFORMERS USING HIGH-TEMPERATURE INSULATION MATERIALS |
| IEEE C57.154-2012 | IEEE Standard for the Design, Testing, and Application of Liquid-Immersed Distribution, Power, and Regulating Transformers Using High-Temperature Insulation Systems and Operating at Elevated Temperatures |
| IEEE C57.32-2015 | IEEE Standard for Requirements, Terminology, and Test Procedures for Neutral Grounding Devices |
| I.S. EN 60076-14:2013 | POWER TRANSFORMERS - PART 14: LIQUIDIMMERSED POWER TRANSFORMERS USING HIGH-TEMPERATURE INSULATION MATERIALS (IEC 60076-14:2013 (EQV)) |
| IEC TS 60076-14:2009 | Power transformers - Part 14: Design and application of liquid-immersed power transformers using high-temperature insulation materials |
| BS EN 60076-14:2013 | Power transformers Liquid-immersed power transformers using high-temperature insulation materials |
| UNE-EN 60076-14:2014 | Power transformers - Part 14: Liquid-immersed power transformers using high-temperature insulation materials |
| CEI EN 62770 : 2014 | FLUIDS FOR ELECTROTECHNICAL APPLICATIONS - UNUSED NATURAL ESTERS FOR TRANSFORMERS AND SIMILAR ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT |
| IEEE C57.152-2013 | IEEE Guide for Diagnostic Field Testing of Fluid-Filled Power Transformers, Regulators, and Reactors |
| BS EN 62770:2014 | Fluids for electrotechnical applications. Unused natural esters for transformers and similar electrical equipment |
| IEC 62770:2013 | Fluids for electrotechnical applications - Unused natural esters for transformers and similar electrical equipment |
| IEEE C57.12.38-2014 | IEEE Standard for Pad-Mounted-Type, Self-Cooled, Single-Phase Distribution Transformers 250 kVA and Smaller: High Voltage, 34 500 GrdY/19 920 V and Below; Low Voltage, 480/240 V and Below |
| IEEE C57.140-2006 | IEEE Guide for Evaluation and reconditioning of Liquid Immersed Power Transformers |
| I.S. EN 62770:2014 | FLUIDS FOR ELECTROTECHNICAL APPLICATIONS - UNUSED NATURAL ESTERS FOR TRANSFORMERS AND SIMILAR ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT |
| IEC 60076-14:2013 | Power transformers - Part 14: Liquid-immersed power transformers using high-temperature insulation materials |
| DD IEC TS 60076-14 : DRAFT 2009 | POWER TRANSFORMERS - PART 14: DESIGN AND APPLICATION OF LIQUID-IMMERSED POWER TRANSFORMERS USING HIGH-TEMPERATURE INSULATION MATERIALS |
| UNE-EN 62770:2014 | Fluids for electrotechnical applications - Unused natural esters for transformers and similar electrical equipment |
| IEEE C57.12.00-2015 | IEEE Standard for General Requirements for Liquid-Immersed Distribution, Power, and Regulating Transformers |
| EN 62770:2014 | Fluids for electrotechnical applications - Unused natural esters for transformers and similar electrical equipment |
| EN 60076-14:2013 | Power transformers - Part 14: Liquid-immersed power transformers using high-temperature insulation materials |
| IEEE C57.140-2017 | IEEE Guide for Evaluation and Reconditioning of Liquid Immersed Power Transformers |
| IEEE 62-1995 | IEEE Guide for Diagnostic Field Testing of Electric Power Apparatus - Part 1: Oil Filled Power Transformers, Regulators, and Reactors |
| ASTM D 1816 : 2012 : REDLINE | Standard Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of Insulating Liquids Using VDE Electrodes |
| IEEE C57.104-1991 | IEEE Guide for the Interpretation of Gases Generated in Oil-Immersed Transformers |
| ASTM D 924 : 2015 : REDLINE | Standard Test Method for Dissipation Factor (or Power Factor) and Relative Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Electrical Insulating Liquids |
| CFR 40(PTS100-135) : JUL 2017 | PROTECTION OF ENVIRONMENT |
| IEC 61099:2010 | Insulating liquids - Specifications for unused synthetic organic esters for electrical purposes |
| IEEE 980-1994 | IEEE Guide for Containment and Control of Oil Spills in Substations |
| ASTM D 1275 : 2015 | Standard Test Method for Corrosive Sulfur in Electrical Insulating Liquids |
| ASTM D 1533 : 2012 : REDLINE | Standard Test Method for Water in Insulating Liquids by Coulometric Karl Fischer Titration |
| ASTM D 2440 : 2013 : REDLINE | Standard Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Mineral Insulating Oil |
| IEEE C57.104-2008 | IEEE Guide for the Interpretation of Gases Generated in Oil-Immersed Transformers |
| IEEE 637-1985 | IEEE Guide for the Reclamation of Insulating Oil and Criteria for Its Use |
| IEEE C2-2017 | NATIONAL ELECTRICAL SAFETY CODE (NESC)(R) |
| CFR 40(PTS700-789) : JUL 2016 | PROTECTION OF ENVIRONMENT - ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY |
| NFPA 70 : 2017 | NATIONAL ELECTRICAL CODE |
| ASTM D 1524 : 2015 : REDLINE | Standard Test Method for Visual Examination of Used Electrical Insulating Liquids in the Field |
| ASTM D 5837 : 2015 : REDLINE | Standard Test Method for Furanic Compounds in Electrical Insulating Liquids by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) |
| ASTM D 923 : 2015 : REDLINE | Standard Practices for Sampling Electrical Insulating Liquids |
| IEEE 980-2013 | IEEE Guide for Containment and Control of Oil Spills in Substations |
| IEC 61203:1992 | Synthetic organic esters for electrical purposes - Guide for maintenance of transformer esters in equipment |
| ASTM D 2112 : 2015 : REDLINE | Standard Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Inhibited Mineral Insulating Oil by Pressure Vessel |
| ASTM D 3300 : 2012 : REDLINE | Standard Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of Insulating Oils of Petroleum Origin Under Impulse Conditions |
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