IEC 60193:1999

Foreword
1 General rules
      1.1 Scope and object
      1.2 Normative references
      1.3 Terms, definitions, symbols and units
      1.4 Nature and extent of guarantees related to
             hydraulic performance
2 Execution of tests
      2.1 Requirements of test installation and model
      2.2 Dimensional check of model and prototype
      2.3 Hydraulic similitude, test conditions and test
             procedures
      2.4 Introduction to the methods of measurement
      2.5 Physical properties
3 Main hydraulic performances: methods of measurement
      and results
      3.1 Data acquisition and data processing
      3.2 Discharge measurement
      3.3 Pressure measurement
      3.4 Free water level measurement
      3.5 Determination of E and NPSE
      3.6 Shaft torque measurement
      3.7 Rational speed measurement
      3.8 Computation of test results
      3.9 Error analysis
      3.10 Comparison with guarantees
4 Additional performance data - Methods of measurement
      and results
      4.1 Introduction to additional data measurement
      4.2 Data acquisition and processing for measurement
             of fluctuating quantities
      4.3 Pressure fluctuations
      4.4 Shaft torque fluctuations
      4.5 Axial and radial thrust
      4.6 Hydraulic loads on control components
      4.7 Testing in an extended operating range
      4.8 Differential pressure measurement in view of
             prototype index test
Annex A (informative) Dimensionless terms
Annex B (normative) Physical properties, data
Annex C (informative) Derivation of the equation for the
                      specific hydraulic energy of a machine
Annex D (informative) Influence of the density of actual
                      water Pwa on measurement and
                      calibration
Annex E (informative) Summarized test and calculation
                      procedure
Annex F (normative) Scale-up of the hydraulic efficiency of
                    reaction machines
Annex G (normative) Computation of the prototype runaway
                    characteristics taking into account
                    friction and windage losses of the unit
Annex H (informative) Example of determination of the best
                      smooth curve: method of separate
                      segments
Annex J (informative) Example analysis of sources of error
                      and uncertainty evaluation
Annex K (normative) Efficiency scale-up for Pelton turbines
Annex L (normative) Analysis of random uncertainties for a
                    test at constant operating conditions
Annex M (normative) Calculation of plant Thoma number opl
Annex N (informative) Detailed flux diagram of specific
                      hydraulic energy, flow and power
Annex P (informative) Bibliography

IEC 60193:1999 applies to laboratory models of any type of impulse or reaction hydraulic turbine, storage pump or pump-turbine. This standard applies to models of prototype machines either with unit power greater than 5 MW or with reference diameter greater than 3 m. Full application of the procedures herein prescribed is not generally justified for machines with smaller power and size. Nevertheless, this standard may be used for such machines by agreement between purchaser and supplier. In this standard, the term "turbine" includes a pump-turbine operating as a turbine and the term "pump" includes a pump-turbine operating as a pump. This standard excludes all matters of purely commercial interest, except those inextricably bound up with the conduct of the tests. This standard is concerned with neither the structural details of the machines nor the mechanical properties of their components, so long as these do not affect model performance or the relationship between model and prototype performances.
The main objectives of this standard are:
– to define the terms and quantities used;
– to specify methods of testing and of measuring the quantities involved, in order to ascertain the hydraulic performance of the model;
– to specify the methods of computation of results and of comparison with guarantees;
– to determine if the contract guarantees, which fall within the scope of this standard, have been fulfilled;
– to define the extent, content and structure of the final report.
The guarantees can be given in one of the following ways:
– guarantees for prototype hydraulic performance, computed from model test results considering scale effects;
– guarantees for model hydraulic performance.