EN 14918:2009
Superseded
Superseded
A superseded Standard is one, which is fully replaced by another Standard, which is a new edition of the same Standard.
View Superseded by
Solid biofuels - Determination of calorific value
Superseded date
05-01-2017
Superseded by
Published date
12-23-2009
Publisher
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Foreword
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Principle
5 Reagents
6 Apparatus
7 Preparation of test sample
8 Calorimetric procedure
9 Calibration
10 Gross calorific value
11 Precision
12 Calculation of net calorific value at constant pressure
13 Test report
Annex A (normative) Adiabatic bomb calorimeters
Annex B (normative) Isoperibol and static-jacket bomb
calorimeters
Annex C (normative) Automated bomb calorimeters
Annex D (informative) Checklists for the design and procedures
of combustion experiments
Annex E (informative) Examples to illustrate the main
calculations used in this document when an automated
bomb calorimeter is used for determinations
Annex F (informative) List of symbols used in this document
Annex G (informative) Key-word index
Annex H (informative) Default values of most used biofuels for
the calculations of calorific values
Annex I (informative) Flow chart for a routine calorific value
determination
Bibliography
This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the gross calorific value of a solid biofuel at constant volume and at the reference temperature 25 °C in a bomb calorimeter calibrated by combustion of certified benzoic acid.The result obtained is the gross calorific value of the analysis sample at constant volume with all the water of the combustion products as liquid water. In practice, biofuels are burned at constant (atmospheric) pressure and the water is either not condensed (removed as vapour with the flue gases) or condensed. Under both conditions, the operative heat of combustion to be used is the net calorific value of the fuel at constant pressure. The net calorific value at constant volume may also be used; formulae are given for calculating both values.General principles and procedures for the calibrations and the biofuel experiments are presented in the main text, whereas those pertaining to the use of a particular type of calorimetric instrument are described in Annexes A to C. Annex D contains checklists for performing calibration and fuel experiments using specified types of calorimeters. Annex E gives examples to illustrate some of the calculations.
| Committee |
CEN/TC 335
|
| DevelopmentNote |
Supersedes CEN/TS 14918. (01/2010) Supersedes PREN 14918. (11/2010)
|
| DocumentType |
Standard
|
| PublisherName |
Comite Europeen de Normalisation
|
| Status |
Superseded
|
| SupersededBy | |
| Supersedes |
| Standards | Relationship |
| I.S. EN 14918:2009 | Identical |
| NF EN 14918 : 2010 | Identical |
| NEN EN 14918 : 2010 | Identical |
| BS EN 14918:2009 | Identical |
| NBN EN 14918 : 2010 | Identical |
| SN EN 14918 : 2010 | Identical |
| NS EN 14918 : 2009 | Identical |
| UNI EN 14918 : 2010 | Identical |
| PN EN 14918 : 2010 | Identical |
| UNE-EN 14918:2011 | Identical |
| DIN EN 14918:2014-08 | Identical |
| UNE-EN 14961-1:2011 | Solid biofuels - Fuel specifications and classes - Part 1: General requirements |
| UNE-EN 14961-4:2012 | Solid biofuels - Fuel specifications and classes - Part 4: Wood chips for non-industrial use |
| 10/30212565 DC : 0 | BS EN 14780 - SOLID BIOFUELS - SAMPLE PREPARATION |
| 11/30244615 DC : 0 | BS EN 15234-6 - SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL QUALITY ASSURANCE - PART 6: NON-WOODY PELLETS FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE |
| 11/30244599 DC : 0 | BS EN 14961-6 - SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL SPECIFICATIONS AND CLASSES - PART 6: NON WOODY PELLETS FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE |
| PREN 15234-2 : DRAFT 2011 | SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL QUALITY ASSURANCE - PART 2: WOOD PELLETS FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE |
| BS EN 15234-4:2012 | Solid biofuels. Fuel quality assurance Wood chips for non-industrial use |
| BS EN 14961-2:2011 | Solid biofuels. Fuel specifications and classes Wood pellets for non-industrial use |
| 10/30218997 DC : 0 | BS EN 14961-2 - SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL SPECIFICATIONS AND CLASSES - PART 2: WOOD PELLETS FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE |
| 10/30219399 DC : DRAFT JULY 2010 | BS EN 15296 - SOLID BIOFUELS - CONVERSION OF ANALYTICAL RESULTS FROM ONE BASIS TO ANOTHER |
| BS EN 14961-1:2010 | Solid biofuels. Fuel specifications and classes General requirements |
| I.S. EN 14780:2011 | SOLID BIOFUELS - SAMPLE PREPARATION |
| NF EN 14961-3 : 2011 | SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL SPECIFICATIONS AND CLASSES - PART 3: WOOD BRIQUETTES FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE |
| BS EN 14961-3:2011 | Solid biofuels. Fuel specifications and classes Wood briquettes for non-industrial use |
| DIN EN 15234-2:2012-04 | Solid biofuels - Fuel quality assurance - Part 2: Wood pellets for non-industrial use |
| BS EN 15234-6:2012 | Solid biofuels. Fuel quality assurance Non-woody pellets for non-industrial use |
| UNI EN 14961-4 : 2011 | SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL SPECIFICATIONS AND CLASSES - PART 4: WOOD CHIPS FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE |
| UNE-EN 15234-4:2012 | Solid biofuels - Fuel quality assurance - Part 4: Wood chips for non-industrial use |
| NF EN 14961-2 : 2011 | SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL SPECIFICATIONS AND CLASSES - PART 2: WOOD PELLETS FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE |
| I.S. EN 15234-2:2012 | SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL QUALITY ASSURANCE - PART 2: WOOD PELLETS FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE |
| EN 14961-1:2010 | Solid biofuels - Fuel specifications and classes - Part 1: General requirements |
| EN 14780:2011 | Solid biofuels - Sample preparation |
| CEN/TS 16023:2013 | Characterization of waste - Determination of gross calorific value and calculation of net calorific value |
| EN 14961-3:2011 | Solid biofuels - Fuel specifications and classes - Part 3: Wood briquettes for non-industrial use |
| EN 15296:2011 | Solid biofuels - Conversion of analytical results from one basis to another |
| EN 14961-2:2011 | Solid biofuels - Fuel specifications and classes - Part 2: Wood pellets for non-industrial use |
| EN 14961-4:2011 | Solid biofuels - Fuel specifications and classes - Part 4: Wood chips for non-industrial use |
| EN ISO 16559 : 2014 COR 2014 | SOLID BIOFUELS - TERMINOLOGY, DEFINITIONS AND DESCRIPTIONS (ISO 16559:2014) |
| 12/30260516 DC | BS EN 15250 - SLOW HEAT RELEASE APPLIANCES FIRED BY SOLID FUEL - REQUIREMENTS AND TEST METHODS |
| BS EN 15821:2010 | Multi-firing sauna stoves fired by natural wood logs. Requirements and test methods |
| DIN EN 15821:2011-01 | Multi-firing sauna stoves fired by natural wood logs - Requirements and test methods |
| DIN EN 15234-6:2012-04 | Solid biofuels - Fuel quality assurance - Part 6: Non-woody pellets for non-industrial use |
| 11/30244602 DC : 0 | BS EN 15234-2 - SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL QUALITY ASSURANCE - PART 2: WOOD PELLETS FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE |
| UNI EN 15400 : 2011 | SOLID RECOVERED FUELS - DETERMINATION OF CALORIFIC VALUE |
| DIN EN 14961-6:2012-04 | SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL SPECIFICATIONS AND CLASSES - PART 6: NON-WOODY PELLETS FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE |
| UNE-EN 15821:2011 | Multi-firing sauna stoves fired by natural wood logs - Requirements and test methods |
| PREN 14961-3 : DRAFT 2010 | SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL SPECIFICATIONS AND CLASSES - PART 3: WOOD BRIQUETTES FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE |
| UNI EN 15234-4 : 2012 | SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL QUALITY ASSURANCE - PART 4: WOOD CHIPS FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE |
| UNE-EN 15400:2011 | Solid recovered fuels - Determination of calorific value |
| UNI EN 14961-6 : 2012 | SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL SPECIFICATIONS AND CLASSES - PART 6: NON-WOODY PELLETS FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE |
| BS EN 14780:2011 | Solid biofuels. Sample preparation |
| PREN 15234-4 : DRAFT 2011 | SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL QUALITY ASSURANCE - PART 4: WOOD CHIPS FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE |
| UNE-EN 15289:2011 | Solid biofuels - Determination of total content of sulfur and chlorine |
| DIN EN 14780:2011-09 | SOLID BIOFUELS - SAMPLE PREPARATION |
| BS EN 15289:2011 | Solid biofuels. Determination of total content of sulfur and chlorine |
| UNE-EN 15234-2:2012 | Solid biofuels - Fuel quality assurance - Part 2: Wood pellets for non-industrial use |
| BS EN 14961-6:2012 | Solid biofuels. Fuel specifications and classes Non-woody pellets for non-industrial use |
| NF EN 15296 : 2011 | SOLID BIOFUELS - CONVERSION OF ANALYTICAL RESULTS FROM ONE BASIS TO ANOTHER |
| NF EN 14961-6 : 2012 | SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL SPECIFICATIONS AND CLASSES - PART 6: NON-WOODY PELLETS FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE |
| BS ISO 18466:2016 | Stationary source emissions. Determination of the biogenic fraction in C O<sub>2</sub> in stack gas using the balance method |
| UNE-EN 14961-2:2012 | Solid biofuels - Fuel specifications and classes - Part 2: Wood pellets for non-industrial use |
| DIN EN 14961-2:2011-09 | SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL SPECIFICATIONS AND CLASSES - PART 2: WOOD PELLETS FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE |
| BS EN 15400:2011 | Solid recovered fuels. Determination of calorific value |
| 13/30277482 DC : 0 | BS EN ISO 16993 - SOLID BIOFUELS - CONVERSION OF ANALYTICAL RESULTS FROM ONE BASIS TO ANOTHER |
| EN 15400:2011 | Solid recovered fuels - Determination of calorific value |
| NF EN 14961-4 : 2011 | SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL SPECIFICATIONS AND CLASSES - PART 4: WOOD CHIPS FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE |
| CSA ISO 16559 : 2015 | SOLID BIOFUELS - TERMINOLOGY, DEFINITIONS AND DESCRIPTIONS |
| S.R. CEN/TS 16023:2013 | CHARACTERIZATION OF WASTE - DETERMINATION OF GROSS CALORIFIC VALUE AND CALCULATION OF NET CALORIFIC VALUE |
| ISO 18466:2016 | Stationary source emissions — Determination of the biogenic fraction in CO2 in stack gas using the balance method |
| I.S. EN 14961-3:2011 | SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL SPECIFICATIONS AND CLASSES - PART 3: WOOD BRIQUETTES FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE |
| UNI EN 15289 : 2011 | SOLID BIOFUELS - DETERMINATION OF TOTAL CONTENT OF SULFUR AND CHLORINE |
| DIN EN 15296:2011-04 | SOLID BIOFUELS - CONVERSION OF ANALYTICAL RESULTS FROM ONE BASIS TO ANOTHER |
| PREN 15234-6 : DRAFT 2011 | SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL QUALITY ASSURANCE - PART 6: NON-WOODY PELLETS FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE |
| UNI CEN/TS 16023 : 2014 | CHARACTERIZATION OF WASTE - DETERMINATION OF GROSS CALORIFIC VALUE AND CALCULATION OF NET CALORIFIC VALUE |
| 10/30219003 DC : 0 | BS EN 14961-4 - SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL SPECIFICATIONS AND CLASSES - PART 4: WOOD CHIPS FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE |
| DIN EN 15400:2011-05 | Solid recovered fuels - Determination of calorific value |
| BS EN 15234-2:2012 | Solid biofuels. Fuel quality assurance Wood pellets for non-industrial use |
| BS EN 15296:2011 | Solid biofuels. Conversion of analytical results from one basis to another |
| PD CEN/TS 16023:2013 | Characterization of waste. Determination of gross calorific value and calculation of net calorific value |
| DIN EN 14961-3:2011-09 | SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL SPECIFICATIONS AND CLASSES - PART 3: WOOD BRIQUETTES FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE |
| BS EN 15234-3:2012 | Solid biofuels. Fuel quality assurance Wood briquettes for non-industrial use |
| 13/30277477 DC : 0 | BS EN ISO 16994 - SOLID BIOFUELS - DETERMINATION OF TOTAL CONTENT OF SULPHUR AND CHLORINE |
| UNE-EN ISO 16559:2015 | Solid biofuels - Terminology, definitions and descriptions (ISO 16559:2014) |
| UNI EN 15821 : 2010 | MULTI-FIRING SAUNA STOVES FIRED BY NATURAL WOOD LOGS - REQUIREMENTS AND TEST METHODS |
| DIN EN 15234-4:2012-04 | Solid biofuels - Fuel quality assurance - Part 4: Wood chips for non-industrial use |
| DIN EN 15289:2011-04 | SOLID BIOFUELS - DETERMINATION OF TOTAL CONTENT OF SULFUR AND CHLORINE |
| 13/30241775 DC : 0 | BS EN ISO 16559 - SOLID BIOFUELS - TERMINOLOGY, DEFINITIONS AND DESCRIPTIONS |
| BS EN ISO 16559:2014 | Solid biofuels. Terminology, definitions and descriptions |
| UNI EN 15234-6 : 2012 | SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL QUALITY ASSURANCE - PART 6: NON-WOODY PELLETS FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE |
| UNI EN 15234-3 : 2012 | SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL QUALITY ASSURANCE - PART 3: WOOD BRIQUETTES FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE |
| DIN EN 14961-4:2011-09 | SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL SPECIFICATIONS AND CLASSES - PART 4: WOOD CHIPS FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE |
| UNI EN 15234-2 : 2012 | SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL QUALITY ASSURANCE - PART 2: WOOD PELLETS FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE |
| UNE-EN 14961-6:2012 | Solid biofuels - Fuel specifications and classes - Part 6: Non-woody pellets for non-industrial use |
| UNI EN 15296 : 2011 | SOLID BIOFUELS - CONVERSION OF ANALYTICAL RESULTS FROM ONE BASIS TO ANOTHER |
| NF EN 15821 : 2010 | MULTI-FIRING SAUNA STOVES FIRED BY NATURAL WOODS LOGS - REQUIREMENTS AND TEST METHODS |
| I.S. EN ISO 16559:2014 | SOLID BIOFUELS - TERMINOLOGY, DEFINITIONS AND DESCRIPTIONS (ISO 16559:2014) |
| I.S. EN 14961-4:2011 | SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL SPECIFICATIONS AND CLASSES - PART 4: WOOD CHIPS FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE |
| I.S. EN 14961-6:2012 | SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL SPECIFICATIONS AND CLASSES - PART 6: NON-WOODY PELLETS FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE |
| I.S. EN 15821:2010 | MULTI-FIRING SAUNA STOVES FIRED BY NATURAL WOOD LOGS - REQUIREMENTS AND TEST METHODS |
| UNI EN 14961-3 : 2011 | SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL SPECIFICATIONS AND CLASSES - PART 3: WOOD BRIQUETTES FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE |
| I.S. EN 15296:2011 | SOLID BIOFUELS - CONVERSION OF ANALYTICAL RESULTS FROM ONE BASIS TO ANOTHER |
| I.S. EN 14961-2:2011 | SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL SPECIFICATIONS AND CLASSES - PART 2: WOOD PELLETS FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE |
| I.S. EN 15400:2011 | SOLID RECOVERED FUELS - DETERMINATION OF CALORIFIC VALUE |
| EN 15234-2:2012 | Solid biofuels - Fuel quality assurance - Part 2: Wood pellets for non-industrial use |
| EN 14961-6:2012 | Solid biofuels - Fuel specifications and classes - Part 6: Non-woody pellets for non-industrial use |
| EN 15821:2010 | Multi-firing sauna stoves fired by natural wood logs - Requirements and test methods |
| EN 15234-3:2012 | Solid biofuels - Fuel quality assurance - Part 3: Wood briquettes for non-industrial use |
| EN 15234-4:2012 | Solid biofuels - Fuel quality assurance - Part 4: Wood chips for non-industrial use |
| EN 15234-6:2012 | Solid biofuels - Fuel quality assurance - Part 6: Non-woody pellets for non-industrial use |
| DIN EN 14961-1:2010-04 | SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL SPECIFICATIONS AND CLASSES - PART 1: GENERAL REQUIREMENTS |
| DIN EN 15234-3:2012-04 | Solid biofuels - Fuel quality assurance - Part 3: Wood briquettes for non-industrial use |
| UNE-EN 15296:2011 | Solid biofuels - Conversion of analytical results from one basis to another |
| 11/30244609 DC : 0 | BS EN 15234-4 - SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL QUALITY ASSURANCE - PART 4: WOOD CHIPS FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE |
| 10/30219000 DC : 0 | BS EN 14961-3 - SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL SPECIFICATIONS AND CLASSES - PART 3: WOOD BRIQUETTES FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE |
| UNE-EN 14780:2012 | Solid biofuels - Sample preparation |
| BS EN 14961-4:2011 | Solid biofuels. Fuel specifications and classes Wood chips for non-industrial use |
| UNE-EN 14961-3:2012 | Solid biofuels - Fuel specifications and classes - Part 3: Wood briquettes for non-industrial use |
| I.S. EN 15234-4:2012 | SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL QUALITY ASSURANCE - PART 4: WOOD CHIPS FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE |
| PREN 15250 : DRAFT 2012 | SLOW HEAT RELEASE APPLIANCES FIRED BY SOLID FUEL - REQUIREMENTS AND TEST METHODS |
| PREN 14961-2 : DRAFT 2010 | SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL SPECIFICATIONS AND CLASSES - PART 2: WOOD PELLETS FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE |
| UNI EN 14780 : 2011 | SOLID BIOFUELS - SAMPLE PREPARATION |
| 10/30219387 DC : 0 | BS EN 15289 - SOLID BIOFUELS - DETERMINATION OF TOTAL CONTENT OF SULPHUR AND CHLORINE |
| 16/30275160 DC : 0 | BS ISO 18466 - STATIONARY SOURCE EMISSIONS - DETERMINATION OF THE BIOGENIC FRACTION IN CO[2]IN STACK GAS USING THE BALANCE METHOD |
| UNI EN ISO 16559 : 2014 | SOLID BIOFUELS - TERMINOLOGY, DEFINITIONS AND DESCRIPTIONS |
| DIN EN ISO 16559:2014-12 | Solid biofuels - Terminology, definitions and descriptions (ISO 16559:2014) |
| UNI EN 14961-2 : 2011 | SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL SPECIFICATIONS AND CLASSES - PART 2: WOOD PELLETS FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE |
| UNE-EN 15234-6:2012 | Solid biofuels - Fuel quality assurance - Part 6: Non-woody pellets for non-industrial use |
| I.S. EN 15234-6:2012 | SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL QUALITY ASSURANCE - PART 6: NON-WOODY PELLETS FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE |
| I.S. EN 15289:2011 | SOLID BIOFUELS - DETERMINATION OF TOTAL CONTENT OF SULFUR AND CHLORINE |
| UNE-EN 15234-3:2012 | Solid biofuels - Fuel quality assurance - Part 3: Wood briquettes for non-industrial use |
| CSA ISO 16994 : 2015 | SOLID BIOFUELS - DETERMINATION OF TOTAL CONTENT OF SULFUR AND CHLORINE |
| I.S. EN 15234-3:2012 | SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL QUALITY ASSURANCE - PART 3: WOOD BRIQUETTES FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE |
| UNI EN 14961-1 : 2010 | SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL SPECIFICATIONS AND CLASSES - PART 1: GENERAL REQUIREMENTS |
| CSA ISO 16993 : 2015 | SOLID BIOFUELS - CONVERSION OF ANALYTICAL RESULTS FROM ONE BASIS TO ANOTHER |
| PREN ISO 16559 : DRAFT 2013 | SOLID BIOFUELS - TERMINOLOGY, DEFINITIONS AND DESCRIPTIONS (ISO/DIS 16559:2013) |
| NF EN 14961-1 : 2010 | SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL SPECIFICATIONS AND CLASSES - PART 1: GENERAL REQUIREMENTS |
| I.S. EN 14961-1:2010 | SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL SPECIFICATIONS AND CLASSES - PART 1: GENERAL REQUIREMENTS |
| ISO 16559:2014 | Solid biofuels Terminology, definitions and descriptions |
| EN 15289:2011 | Solid biofuels - Determination of total content of sulfur and chlorine |
| ISO 1928:2009 | Solid mineral fuels Determination of gross calorific value by the bomb calorimetric method and calculation of net calorific value |
| PREN 15289 : DRAFT 2010 | SOLID BIOFUELS - DETERMINATION OF TOTAL CONTENT OF SULFUR AND CHLORINE |
| EN 14774-2:2009 | Solid biofuels - Determination of moisture content - Oven dry method - Part 2: Total moisture - Simplified method |
| ISO 10304-1:2007 | Water quality Determination of dissolved anions by liquid chromatography of ions Part 1: Determination of bromide, chloride, fluoride, nitrate, nitrite, phosphate and sulfate |
| PREN 15234-1 : DRAFT 2010 | SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL QUALITY ASSURANCE - PART 1: GENERAL REQUIREMENTS |
| PREN 14780 : DRAFT 2010 | SOLID BIOFUELS - SAMPLE PREPARATION |
| ISO 651:1975 | Solid-stem calorimeter thermometers |
| ISO 652:1975 | Enclosed-scale calorimeter thermometers |
| EN 14774-1:2009 | Solid biofuels - Determination of moisture content - Oven dry method - Part 1: Total moisture - Reference method |
| EN 14774-3:2009 | Solid biofuels - Determination of moisture content - Oven dry method - Part 3: Moisture in general analysis sample |
| CEN/TS 15289:2006 | Solid Biofuels - Determination of total content of sulphur and chlorine |
| EN ISO 10304-1:2009 | Water quality - Determination of dissolved anions by liquid chromatography of ions - Part 1: Determination of bromide, chloride, fluoride, nitrate, nitrite, phosphate and sulfate (ISO 10304-1:2007) |
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