EN 14396:2004

Foreword
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms, definitions and symbols
  3.1 Terms and definitions
  3.2 Symbols
4 Requirements
  4.1 General
  4.2 Materials
  4.3 Design requirements
      4.3.1 Types
      4.3.2 Dimensions
      4.3.3 Surface conditions
      4.3.4 Threaded joints
      4.3.5 Welded joints
      4.3.6 Rungs
      4.3.7 Attachment to manhole
  4.4 Load bearing capacity
      4.4.1 General
      4.4.2 Vertical imposed load on rungs
      4.4.3 Ladder strength by testing or calculation
      4.4.4 Pull out force for anchorage and strength of
            stay by calculation
5 Marking
6 Instructions for installation and use
7 Evaluation of conformity
  7.1 General
  7.2 Type testing (initial testing of the product)
  7.3 Factory production control (FPC)
      7.3.1 General
      7.3.2 Equipment
      7.3.3 Raw materials and components
      7.3.4 Product testing and evaluation
      7.3.5 Non conforming products
Annex A (normative) Ageing test of composite materials
      A.1 Principle
      A.2 Preparation of the samples
      A.3 Ageing test
      A.4 Shock test
      A.5 Bending test
      A.6 Acceptance criteria
Annex B (normative) Vertical loading test of rungs
      B.1 Apparatus
      B.2 Procedure
      B.3 Test report
Annex C (normative) Strength test of stringers of fixed ladders
        with two stringers and fixed ladders with one stringer
      C.1 Test equipment
      C.2 Procedure
      C.3 Test report
Annex D (normative) Strength test of the stringer for fixed ladders
        with one stringer
      D.1 Test procedure
      D.2 Test report
Annex E (normative) Calculation of strength of anchor points
      E.1 Fixed ladders with two stringers without fall arrester
      E.2 Fixed ladders with one stringer
Annex F (normative) Calculation of the fixed ladder
Annex ZA (informative) Clauses of this European Standard addressing
         the provisions of the EU Construction Products Directive
      ZA.1 Scope and relevant characteristics
      ZA.2 Procedure for attestation of conformity of fixed ladders
           for manholes
      ZA.3 CE marking and labelling
Bibliography

This standard applies to permanently fixed ladders in manholes. It specifies the performance criteria for the mechanical stability and resistance providing protection against falling.The ladders specified in this European Standard are suitable for use in sewage, rainwater, surface water and, subject to the requirements of national regulations, potable water environments.