CAN/CSA-Z662-15

Preface
1 Scope
2 Reference publications and definitions
3 Safety and loss management systems
4 Design
5 Materials
6 Transportation, handling, and installation
7 Joining
8 Pressure testing
9 Corrosion control
10 Operating, maintenance, and upgrading
11 Offshore steel pipelines
12 Gas distribution systems
13 Reinforced composite, thermoplastic-lined, and polyethylene
   pipelines
14 Steam distribution pipelines and high temperature pipelines
15 Aluminum piping
16 Sour service pipelines
17 Composite-reinforced steel pipelines
Annex A (informative) - Safety and loss management system
Annex B (informative) - Guidelines for risk assessment of
        pipeline systems
Annex C (informative) - Limit states design
Annex D (informative) - Guidelines for in-line inspection of
        pipelines
Annex E (informative) - Recommended practice for liquid
        hydrocarbon pipeline leak detection
Annexes F and G have been deleted
Annex H (normative) - Pipeline failure records
Annex I (informative) - Oilfield steam distribution
        pipelines - Alternate provisions
Annex J (informative) - Recommended practice for determining
        the acceptability of imperfections in fusion welds using
        engineering critical assessment
Annex K (informative) - Standards of acceptability for
        circumferential pipe butt welds based upon fracture
        mechanics principles
Annex L (informative) - Alternative or supplementary test
        methods for coating property and characteristics
        evaluation
Annex M (informative) - Guidance for system control,
        monitoring, and protection of hydrocarbon pipeline
        systems
Annex N (informative) - Guidelines for pipeline system integrity
        management programs
Annex O (informative) - Reliability-based design and
        assessment (RBDA) of onshore non-sour service natural
        gas transmission pipelines
Annex P (informative) - Development and qualification of
        welding procedure specifications
Commentary

Overview Safely transporting energy products over long distances via pipelines is a key component in the success of Canada’s oil and natural gas industry. Since its first edition in 1994, CSA Z662 - Oil and Gas Pipeline Systems is the culmination over 40 years of pipeline standards development. CSA Z662 was created to help provide guidance on the safe design, construction and maintenance of pipeline systems used for: • Liquid hydrocarbons, including crude oil, multi-phase fluids, condensate, liquid petroleum products • Natural gas liquids and liquefied petroleum gas • Oilfield water/steam • Carbon dioxide used in oilfield enhanced recovery schemes • Gas CSA Z662 is referenced in legislation by provinces, territories and the federal government, thus making it critical for all industry professionals to understand and apply the requirements of this new edition upon its publication. This package includes expert commentary directly in the standard document, making it your comprehensive resource when working on pipeline projects in compliance with this national standard. Why you Need to Know the 2015 Edition: • Scope has been expanded to further recognize CO2 pipeline systems to help users to implement carbon capture and storage schemes in their projects • Updated requirements for safety and loss management systems, integrity management programs and the engineering assessments process to help reduce risk, provide safer communities, improve efficiencies and raise stakeholder awareness of potential safety issues • Greater clarification of requirements for mitigation programs for internal corrosion to help reduce risk and improve reliability • New requirements for training and certification of field-applied coating applicators with reference to CSA Z245.30 - Field-applied external coatings for steel pipeline systems to help ensure all personnel involved in working with these applicators are well-trained in the specific tasks associated with them • Greater clarification of requirements for steam distribution pipelines and high temperature pipelines (Clause 14) to help improve efficiencies and reduce risk • Includes expert commentary clearly providing rationale statements and explanatory material for many of the clauses of this standard

Preface This is the seventh edition of CSA Z662, Oil and gas pipeline systems. It supersedes the previous editions published in 2011, 2007, 2003, 1999, 1996, and 1994. The following are the most significant changes, relative to the previous edition: a) updating and revising the requirements for safety and loss management systems, integrity management programs, and engineering assessments process. This resulted in significant changes to Clause 3 to clarify the requirements and highlight that requirements for safety and loss management system and for the pipeline system integrity management program must address the full lifecycle of a pipeline, including design, material selection, construction, operation, and maintenance; b) clarification of the requirements for mitigation programs for internal corrosion and monitoring of the effectiveness of the programs when pipelines are susceptible to internal corrosion (Clause 9); c) new requirements for training and certification of field applied coating applicators through a Clause 9 reference to CSA Z245.30; d) clarification of requirements for steam distribution pipelines and high temperature pipelines (Clause 14); e) broader inclusion of, and additional requirements for, CO2 pipelines; f) further requirements for abandonment of pipelines (Clause 10); g) new requirements for addressing ripples and wrinkles, buckles, and out of roundness on pipe (Clause 10); h) clarification of the requirements for reinforced composite, thermoplastic-lined, and polyethylene pipelines; i) clarification of the sour service requirements for gas-free pipeline systems for crude oil, crude oil blends, and low vapour pressure condensate (Clause 16); j) updating of the requirements for leak detection on liquid hydrocarbon pipelines previously published in Update 3 (August 2013) to CSA Z662-11. The recommended practice considers computational methods and direct leak detection methods (Annex E); k) expansion of Annex M to address system control, monitoring, and protection for all hydrocarbon pipelines; and l) new Annex P to provide guidance on the development and qualification of welding procedure specifications. The requirements of this Standard are considered to be adequate under conditions normally encountered in the oil and natural gas industry. Specific requirements for abnormal or unusual conditions are not prescribed, nor are all details related to engineering and construction prescribed. It is intended that all work performed within the scope of this Standard meet the standards of safety and integrity expressed or implied herein, and that the requirements of this Standard be applied with due regard to the protection of the environment, which includes land, water, plant life, and animal life. Detailed requirements concerning the protection of the environment are not prescribed. It is expected that changes will be made from time to time, based on new experience and technology. Where necessary, amendments and supplements will be prepared by the Technical Committee and published in accordance with CSA Group practices. This Standard was prepared by the Technical Committee on Petroleum and Natural Gas Industry Pipeline Systems and Materials, under the jurisdiction of the Strategic Steering Committee on Petroleum and Natural Gas Industry Systems, and has been formally approved by the Technical Committee. Scope 1.1 This Standard covers the design, construction, operation, maintenance, deactivation, and abandonment of oil and gas industry pipeline systems that convey a) liquid hydrocarbons, including crude oil, multiphase fluids, condensate, liquid petroleum products, natural gas liquids, and liquefied petroleum gas; b) oilfield water; c) oilfield steam; d) liquid or dense phase carbon dioxide; or e) gas. Notes: 1) Vapour phase carbon dioxide pipeline systems fall under Item e). 2) Designers are cautioned that the requirements in this Standard might not be appropriate for gases other than natural gas, manufactured gas, vapour phase carbon dioxide, and synthetic natural gas. 1.2 The scope of this Standard, as shown in Figures 1.1 and 1.2, includes a) for oil industry fluids, piping and equipment in offshore pipelines, onshore pipelines, tank farms, pump stations, pressure-regulating stations, and measuring stations; b) oil pump stations, pipeline tank farms, and pipeline terminals; c) pipe-type storage vessels; d) carbon dioxide pipelines; e) for gas industry fluids, piping and equipment in offshore pipelines, onshore pipelines, compressor stations, measuring stations, and pressure-regulating stations; f) gas compressor stations; and g) gas storage lines and pipe-type and bottle-type gas storage vessels. 1.3 This Standard does not apply to a) piping with metal temperatures below -70 °C; b) gas piping beyond the outlet of the customer\'s meter set assembly (covered by CSA B149.1); c) piping in natural gas liquids extraction plants, gas processing plants (except main gas stream piping in dehydration and all other processing plants installed as part of gas pipeline systems), gas manufacturing plants, industrial plants, and mines; d) oil refineries, terminals other than pipeline terminals, and marketing bulk plants; e) abandoned piping; f) in-plant piping for drinking, make-up, or boiler feed water; g) casing, tubing, or pipe in oil or gas wells, wellheads, separators, production tanks, and other production facilities; h) vent piping for waste gases of any kind operating at or near atmospheric pressure; i) heat exchangers; j) liquefied natural gas systems (covered by CSA Z276); k) liquid fuel distribution systems; l) loading/unloading facilities for tankers or barges; m) refuelling facilities; and n) hydrocarbon storage in underground formations and associated equipment (covered by CSA Z341 Series). 1.4 This Standard is intended to establish essential requirements and minimum standards for the design, construction, operation, and maintenance of oil and gas industry pipeline systems. This Standard is not a design handbook, and competent engineering judgment should be employed with its use. Note: For steel pipe of grade higher than Grade 555, requirements in addition to those specified in this Standard might be needed. Matters that should be considered include joining, thermal aging effects during coating application, strain capacity (including cold bending), pressure testing, assessment of imperfections, and repair. 1.5 The requirements of this Standard are applicable to the operation, maintenance, and upgrading of existing installations. It is not intended that such requirements be applied retroactively to existing installations insofar as design, materials, construction, and established operating pressures are concerned, except as required by Clause 10.7.1 for changes in class location and Clause 10.8.1 for crossings of existing pipelines. 1.6 Unless otherwise stated, to determine conformance with the specified requirements, it is intended that observed or calculated values be rounded to the nearest unit in the last right-hand place of figures used in expressing the limiting value, in accordance with the rounding method of ASTM E29. 1.7 Where any requirements of this Standard are at variance with the requirements of other publications referenced in this Standard, it is intended that the requirements of this Standard govern. 1.8 It is not the intent of this Standard to prevent the development of new equipment or practices, or to prescribe how such innovations are to be handled. 1.9 In this Standard, \"shall\" is used to express a requirement, i.e., a provision that the user is obliged to satisfy in order to comply with the standard; \"should\" is used to express a recommendation or that which is advised but not required; and \"may\" is used to express an option or that which is permissible within the limits of the standard. Notes accompanying clauses do not include requirements or alternative requirements; the purpose of a note accompanying a clause is to separate from the text explanatory or informative material. Notes to tables and figures are considered part of the table or figure and may be written as requirements. Annexes are designated normative (mandatory) or informative (non-mandatory) to define their application.