AS/NZS 1554.1:1995

1 - AS/NZS 1554.1:1995 STRUCTURAL STEEL WELDING - WELDING OF STEEL STRUCTURES
4 - PREFACE
5 - CONTENTS
7 - SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL
7 - 1.1 SCOPE
8 - 1.2 INNOVATION
8 - 1.3 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
8 - 1.4 DEFINITIONS
8 - 1.4.1 Fabricator
8 - 1.4.2 Inspecting authority
8 - 1.4.3 Inspector
8 - 1.4.4 May
8 - 1.4.5 Principal
8 - 1.4.6 Shall
8 - 1.4.7 Should
8 - 1.5 WELD CATEGORIES
8 - 1.5.1 General
8 - 1.5.2 Categories
9 - 1.6 BASIC WELDING REQUIREMENTS
9 - 1.7 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
9 - 1.7.1 Welding safety
9 - 1.7.2 Welding equipment
10 - SECTION 2 MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION
10 - 2.1 PARENT MATERIAL
10 - 2.2 BACKING MATERIAL
10 - 2.2.1 Permanent backing material
10 - 2.2.2 Temporary backing
10 - 2.3 WELDING CONSUMABLES
10 - 2.3.1 Electrodes and filler wires
10 - 2.3.2 Care of electrodes and filler wires
10 - 2.3.3 Flux
10 - 2.3.4 Shielding gas
11 - SECTION 3 DETAILS OF WELDED CONNECTIONS
11 - 3.1 GENERAL
11 - 3.1.1 Permissible weld types
11 - 3.1.2 Design requirements
11 - 3.1.3 Drawings
11 - 3.2 BUTT WELDS
11 - 3.2.1 Size of weld
11 - 3.2.2 Design throat thickness
12 - 3.2.3 Effective length
12 - 3.2.4 Effective area
12 - 3.2.5 Transition of thickness or width
12 - 3.3 FILLET WELDS
12 - 3.3.1 Size of weld
12 - 3.3.2 Design throat thickness
12 - 3.3.3 Effective length
12 - 3.3.4 Effective area
12 - 3.3.5 Minimum size of fillet welds
13 - 3.3.6 Maximum size of fillet welds along edges
16 - 3.4 COMPOUND WELDS
16 - 3.4.1 Description of compound weld
16 - 3.4.2 Design throat thickness
17 - 3.5 SEAL WELDS
17 - 3.5.1 Requirement
17 - 3.5.2 Size of seal weld
17 - 3.6 PLUG AND SLOT WELDS
17 - 3.6.1 Plug welds
17 - 3.6.2 Slot welds
17 - 3.6.3 Effective areas
17 - 3.7 WELDS FOR THE PURPOSE OF COMBINING ROLLED STEEL SECTIONS
19 - SECTION 4 QUALIFICATION OF PROCEDURES AND PERSONNEL
19 - 4.1 QUALIFICATION OF WELDING PROCEDURE
19 - 4.2 METHOD OF QUALIFICATION OF WELDING PROCEDURE
19 - 4.3 PREQUALIFIED WELDING PROCEDURES
19 - 4.4 PREQUALIFIED JOINT PREPARATIONS
19 - 4.4.1 General
20 - 4.4.2 Prequalified complete penetration butt welds
20 - 4.4.3 Prequalified incomplete penetration butt welds
20 - 4.4.4 Prequalified fillet welds
20 - 4.4.5 Additional requirements for welds in hollow section members
46 - 4.5 QUALIFICATION OF WELDING CONSUMABLES
46 - 4.5.1 Prequalified welding consumables
49 - 4.5.2 Qualification of welding consumables by testing
50 - 4.6 QUALIFICATION OF WELDING PROCEDURE BY TESTING
50 - 4.6.1 Method of qualification
50 - 4.6.2 Extent of testing
50 - 4.6.3 Preparation of special test piece
50 - 4.6.4 Dimensions of test pieces
50 - 4.6.5 Macro test
50 - 4.6.6 Transverse butt tensile test
50 - 4.6.7 Bend test
50 - 4.6.8 Charpy impact test
51 - 4.6.9 Hardness comparison test -parent metal and weld metal
51 - 4.6.10 Hardness test -heat-affected zone
51 - 4.6.11 Retests
51 - 4.7 EXTENSION OF QUALIFICATION
54 - 4.8 COMBINATION OF PROCESSES
54 - 4.8.1 Single process each side of a weld
54 - 4.8.2 Combination of processes on the same side of a joint
54 - 4.9 RECORDS OF TESTS
54 - 4.10 REQUALIFICATION OF WELDING PROCEDURES
54 - 4.10.1 Changes in essential variables requiring requalification of welding procedure
54 - 4.10.2 Minor changes requiring requalification of welding procedure by macro test
58 - 4.11 QUALIFICATION OF WELDING PERSONNEL
58 - 4.11.1 Welding supervisor
58 - 4.11.2 Welders
59 - SECTION 5 WORKMANSHIP
59 - 5.1 PREPARATION OF EDGES FOR WELDING
59 - 5.1.1 General
59 - 5.1.2 Thermal cutting
59 - 5.2 ASSEMBLY
59 - 5.2.1 General
59 - 5.2.2 Alignment of butt welded joints
59 - 5.2.3 Alignment of fillet welds and incomplete penetration butt welds
59 - 5.2.4 Separation of a backing material
60 - 5.3 PREHEATING AND INTERRUN CONTROL
60 - 5.3.1 General
60 - 5.3.2 Need for preheating
60 - 5.3.3 Extent of preheating and cooling after welding
60 - 5.3.4 Determination of preheating temperature
61 - 5.4 WELDING UNDER ADVERSE WEATHER CONDITIONS
61 - 5.4.1 Rain, snow, wind, condensation
61 - 5.4.2 Low temperature
62 - 5.5 TACK WELDS
62 - 5.6 WELD DEPTH-TO-WIDTH RATIO
65 - 5.7 CONTROL OF DISTORTION AND RESIDUAL STRESS
65 - 5.7.1 General
65 - 5.7.2 Welding and cutting under stress
65 - 5.7.3 Peening
65 - 5.7.4 Correction of distortion
68 - 5.8 REPAIR OF DEFECTS IN WELDS
68 - 5.8.1 General
68 - 5.8.2 Grinding
68 - 5.9 TEMPORARY ATTACHMENTS
68 - 5.10 ARC STRIKES
68 - 5.11 CLEANING OF FINISHED WELDS
68 - 5.12 DRESSING OF BUTT WELDS
69 - SECTION 6 QUALITY OF WELDS
69 - 6.1 CATEGORIES OF WELDS
69 - 6.2 METHODS OF INSPECTION AND PERMISSIBLE LEVELS OF IMPERFECTIONS
69 - 6.2.1 Methods of inspection of completed welds
69 - 6.2.2 Permissible levels of imperfection
69 - 6.2.3 Adjacent imperfections
69 - 6.2.4 Qualifications of welding procedure by macro test and side-bend test
69 - 6.3 RADIOGRAPHY
69 - 6.3.1 Method
69 - 6.3.2 IQI sensitivity
71 - 6.3.3 Acceptance limits
71 - 6.4 ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION
71 - 6.4.1 Method
71 - 6.4.2 Equipment requirements
71 - 6.4.3 Evaluation
71 - 6.4.4 Acceptance Limits
71 - 6.5 MAGNETIC PARTICLE EXAMINATION
71 - 6.5.1 Method
71 - 6.5.2 Acceptance limits
72 - 6.6 LIQUID PENETRANT EXAMINATION
72 - 6.6.1 Method
72 - 6.6.2 Acceptance limits
72 - 6.7 WELD DEFECTS
72 - 6.8 REPORTING
76 - SECTION 7 INSPECTION
76 - 7.1 GENERAL
76 - 7.2 QUALIFICATIONS OF INSPECTORS
76 - 7.3 VISUAL INSPECTION OF WORK
76 - 7.4 NON-DESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION OTHER THAN VISUAL EXAMINATION
76 - 7.4.1 Extent of non-destructive examination
76 - 7.4.2 Personnel and operator requirements
77 - APPENDIX A - LIST OF REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
80 - APPENDIX B - BRITTLE FRACTURE
80 - B1 METHODS
80 - B2 NOTCH-DUCTILE RANGE METHOD
80 - B3 DESIGN SERVICE TEMPERATURE
80 - B3.1 Basic design temperature
80 - B3.2 Modifications to the basic design temperature
80 - B4 MATERIAL SELECTION
80 - B4.1 Selection of steel type
80 - B4.2 Limitations
81 - B4.3 Modification for certain applications
81 - B5 FRACTURE ASSESSMENT
84 - APPENDIX C - A SUITABLE FORM OF WELDING PROCEDURE SHEET
85 - APPENDIX D - METHOD FOR JOINT AND PROCESS IDENTIFICATION
85 - D1 PREQUALIFIED JOINT IDENTIFICATION
85 - D2 PROCESS IDENTIFICATION
85 - D3 EXAMPLE
86 - APPENDIX E - CHECK LIST OF MATTERS FOR DISCUSSION
87 - APPENDIX F - SUGGESTED EXTENT OF NON-DESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION

Specifies materials of construction, weld preparations, weld qualities, qualification of welding procedures, qualification of welding personnel and, fabrication and inspection requirements for welds related to the arc welding of steelwork in structures made up of combinations of steel plate, sheet or sections, including hollow sections and built-up sections or castings and forgings. Tables of weld preparations are given for both butt and fillet welds which when welded in accordance with other specified requirements are deemed prequalified and do not require qualification testing. Provides two categories of welds based on the type of application.

This Standard specifies materials of construction, weld preparations and weld qualities, qualification of welding procedures and welding personnel and fabrication and inspection requirements for welds related to the welding of steelwork in structures made up of combinations of steel plate, sheet or sections, including hollow sections and built-up sections, or castings and forgings, by the following processes: (a) Manual metal-arc welding (MMAW).(b) Submerged arc welding (SAW).(c) Gas metal-arc welding (GMAW), including pulsed mode.(d) Gas tungsten-arc welding (GTAW).(e) Flux-cored arc welding (FCAW).(f) Electroslag (including consumable guide) welding (ESW).(g) Electrogas welding (EGW).The Standard is limited to the welding of steel parent material with a specified minimum yield strength not exceeding 450 MPa. The Standard applies specifically to the welding of steelwork in structures complying with AS 1538, AS 3990, AS 4100 or NZS 3404.1. Where the proportions of welded joints in these structures are governed by dynamic loading conditions, the Standard applies only to those welded joints which comply with the fatigue provisions of AS 3990, AS 4100 or NZS 3404.1, as limited by Item (ii) below, or the directly equivalent fatigue provisions of other application Standards. Welded joints complying with the above requirements are those which are -(i) not subject to fatigue conditions; or (ii) subject to fatigue conditions, and -(A) the stress range in the welded joint complies with the permissible stress range of stress categories C, D, E or F of AS 3990, or weld categories lower than or equal to detail category 112 of AS 4100 or NZS 3404.1; or (B) the stress range in the welded joint is not more than 80 percent of the permissible stress range of stress category B of AS 3990. In addition to the abovementioned structures the Standard applies to the welding of cranes, hoists and other dynamically loaded structures, the welding of road and pedestrian bridges and the welding of steelwork in applications other than structural. The Standard does not apply to the welding of structures by the following processes:(1) Oxyacetylene welding (OAW).(2) Friction welding (FW). (3) Thermit welding (TW). (4) Resistance welding (RW).NOTE: Resistance welds in structures complying with AS 1538 should be made in accordance with AWS C1.1. or AWS C1.3, as appropriate. The Standard does not apply to the welding of pressure vessels and pressure piping.The Standard does not cover the design of welded connections or permissible stresses in welds, nor the production, rectification or repair of castings. The Standard does not apply to the welding of pressure vessels and pressure piping. The Standard does not cover the design of welded connections or permissible stresses in welds, nor the production, rectification or repair of castings.

First published as AS CA8-1933.
Second edition 1939.
Revised and redesignated in part as Int 352-1952.
Int 352-1952 and part of AS CA8-1939 revised, amalgamated and redesignated AS CA8.1-1965.
Revised and redesignated AS 1554.1-1974.
Second edition 1980.
Third edition 1985.
Fourth edition 1991.
First published in New Zealand in part as NZS 4701:1981.
NZS 4704 first published 1994.
AS 1554.1-1991, NZS 4701:1981 and NZS 4704:1994 jointly revised, amalgamated and designated AS/NZS 1554.1:1995.