AS 3516.3-1991

1 - AS 3516.3-1991 SITING OF RADIOCOMMUNICATIONS FACILITIES - FIXED LOCATION SATELLITE EARTH STATIONS
4 - PREFACE
5 - CONTENTS
6 - SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL
6 - 1.1 SCOPE
6 - 1.2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
6 - 1.3 DEFINITIONS
6 - 1.3.1 Satellite
7 - 1.3.2 Frequency
7 - 1.3.3 Transmission
7 - 1.3.4 Frequency sharing
8 - 1.3.5 Antennas.
11 - 1.3.6 Miscellaneous
12 - SECTION 2 BASIC SYSTEM NEEDS
12 - 2.1 OVERVIEW OF SITING FACTORS
12 - 2.1.1 General
12 - 2.1.2 Radi ocommnni cation factors
12 - 2.1.3 Propagation and interference factors
12 - 2.1.4 Other factors
13 - SECTION 3 RADIO COMMUNICATION FACTORS
13 - 3.1 SATELLITE COVERAGEAREA
13 - 3.2 EARTH STATION ANTENNA CHARACTERISTICS
13 - 3.2.1 Mechanical considerations
13 - 3.2.2 Electrical considerations
14 - 3.2.3 Degree of movement needed
15 - SECTION 4 PROPAGATION AND INTERFERENCE FACTORS
15 - 4.1 PROPAGATION EFFECTS-GENERAL
15 - 4.2 IMPACT OF IONOSPHERIC EFFECTS ON SITING OF EARTH STATIONS
15 - 4.3 IMPACT OF TROPOSPHERIC EFFECTS ON EARTH STATION SITING
15 - 4.3.1 Absorption of energy
15 - 4.3.2 Radio noise
15 - 4.3.3 Interference due to propagation effects
15 - 4.4 INTERFERENCE TO THE STATION’S RECEIVING FUNCTION FROM NON-COMMUNICATION SOURCES
15 - 4.5 INTERFERENCE TO OR FROM OTHER RADIOCOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
15 - 4.5.1 General
16 - 4.5.2 Radiofrequency coordination
16 - 4.5.3 Frequency reservation and licensing
16 - LIST OF REFERENCES FOR SECTIONS 1 to 4:
17 - APPENDIX A - DEFINING THE SPACE IN FRONT OF AN ANTENNA TO BE KEPT FREE OF OBSTRUCTIONS
17 - A1 INTRODUCTION
17 - A2 NEAR FIELD CLEARANCES
18 - A3 FAR FIELD CLEARANCE
18 - A4 ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES
18 - A4.1 Example 1
18 - A4.2 Example 2
19 - APPENDIX B - RADIOFREQUENCY INTERFERENCE MEASUREMENT METHOD
19 - B1 INTRODUCTION
19 - B1.1 Overview
19 - B1.2 Objectives and accuracy
19 - B1.3 Interference thresholds
19 - B2 MEASUREMENT METHOD FOR BASEBAND (10 kHz-8 MHz)
19 - B2.1 Test arrangement
19 - B2.2 Polarization
19 - B2.3 Band coverage
20 - B2.4 Measurement analysis
20 - B2.5 Equipment required for baseband measurements
21 - B3 MEASUREMENT METHOD FOR FIRST IF (70 ± 18 MHz)
21 - B3.1 Test arrangement
21 - B3.2 Polarization
21 - B3.3 Measurement analysis
21 - B3.4 Equipment used
21 - B4 MEASUREMENT METHOD FOR SECOND IF (960 to 1462 MHz)
21 - B4.1 Test arrangement 1
22 - B4.2 Polarization
22 - B4.3 Measurement analysis
22 - B4.4 Equipment used
22 - B4.5 Test arrangement 2
22 - B4.6 Equipment used
23 - B5 MEASUREMENT METHOD FOR RF (12.25-12.75 GHz)
23 - B5.1 Test set up used
23 - B5.2 Spectrum analyser settings
24 - B5.3 Sensitivity
24 - B5.4 Network gain
24 - B5.5 Conversion constant
24 - B5.6 Measurement margin
24 - B5.7 Equipment required for down-link frequency band
24 - REFERENCES FOR APPENDIX B:
25 - APPENDIX C - METHODS OF INTERFERENCE ASSESSMENT AND REDUCTION
25 - C1 BACKGROUND
25 - C2 INTRODUCTION
25 - C2.1 General
26 - C2.2 Interference propagation
27 - C2.3 Interference criteria
27 - C3 METHODS OF INTERFERENCE ASSESSMENT
28 - C4 METHODS OF INTERFERENCE REDUCTION
29 - C5 SITING GUIDELINES FOR INTERFERENCE AVOIDANCE
29 - REFERENCES FOR APPENDIX C:
31 - APPENDIX D - LIST OF ENVIRONMENTAL AUTHORITIES
31 - D1 INTRODUCTION
34 - APPENDIX E - OTHER FACTORS AFFECTING EARTH STATION SITING
34 - E1 PROXIMITY TO USERS
34 - E2 NATURAL HAZARDS
34 - E3 CONSTRUCTIONAL ASPECTS
34 - E3.1 Construction-General
34 - E3.2 Design of antenna foundations
34 - E3.3 Lightning protection
34 - E3.4 Stormwater drainage
34 - E4 SERVICES TO THE STATION
34 - E4.1 Access roads
35 - E4.2 Power
35 - E4.3 Fire precautions
35 - E5 ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS
35 - E5.1 Site considerations
35 - E5.2 Site utilities
35 - E5.3 Staffing
35 - E5.4 Spares
35 - E6 OTHER ASPECTS OF EARTH STATION TRANSMISSIONS
35 - E6.1 Effect of siting
36 - E6.2 Biological
36 - E6.3 Domestic
36 - E6.4 Environmental acceptability
36 - E6.5 Industrial
37 - E6.6 Planning
37 - REFERENCE TO APPENDIX E:
38 - APPENDIX F - PROPAGATION EFFECTS IN SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS
38 - F1 OVERVIEW
38 - F1.1 Ionospheric effects
38 - F1.2 Tropospheric effects
38 - F1.3 Propagation effects on interference
39 - F1.4 Radio noise
39 - F2 SITING
39 - F2.1 Impact on earth station siting
39 - F2.2 Site diversity
39 - F2.3 Limitations of propagation modelling
39 - REFERENCES FOR APPENDIX F:
41 - APPENDIX G - RADIOFREQUENCY INTERFERENCE FROM NON-COMMUNICATION SOURCES
41 - G1 GENERAL
41 - G2 SOLUTIONS
41 - G3 METHODOLOGY
41 - REFERENCES TO APPENDIX G:

Specifies requirements for satellite earth stations at specific geographic locations. It also proposes recommended practices affecting the operation of the station, with potential interference to signals received or transmitted by the station and the potential impact that radiation emitted from the station could have on the adjacent community. Provides guidance to organizations and individuals at any level concerned with approval, planning, construction, installation or maintenance of services to be provided at the station.

This Standard concerns the siting of satellite earth stations at specific geographic locations. The Standard is concerned with those aspects of the site which affect the following aspects of the earth station:(a) The efficiency of operation of the earth station.(b) Potential interference to and from the signals which the earth station is intended to transmit and receive.(c) The potential impact which emissions from the earth station might have on the adjacent communities. It should be emphasized that the Standard cannot specify the practical requirements at every site due to-(i) the wide variety in types of service intended;(ii) the geographical and environmental situations; and(iii) any interaction which may occur between (i) and (ii).For these reasons the Standard should not be applied without reference to the parties concerned.