AS 2327.1-1996

1 - AS 2327.1-1996 COMPOSITE STRUCTURES - SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAMS
4 - PREFACE
5 - CONTENTS
8 - SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL
8 - 1.1 SCOPE
8 - 1.2 GENERAL
8 - 1.2.1 Components
8 - 1.2.2 Steel beam
10 - 1.2.3 Concrete slab
10 - 1.2.4 Profiled steel sheeting
11 - 1.2.5 Shear connectors
11 - 1.3 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
12 - 1.4 DEFINITIONS
12 - 1.4.1 General
12 - 1.4.2 Administrative definitions
13 - 1.4.3 Technical definitions
16 - 1.5 EXISTING STRUCTURES
16 - 1.6 DESIGN INFORMATION
16 - 1.6.1 Design data
16 - 1.6.2 Design details
17 - 1.7 CONSTRUCTION
17 - 1.8 NOTATION
24 - SECTION 2 MATERIALS
24 - 2.1 STEEL
24 - 2.1.1 Structural steel
24 - 2.1.2 Bolts, nuts and washers
24 - 2.1.3 Welds and welding
24 - 2.1.4 Shear connectors
24 - 2.1.5 Profiled steel sheeting
24 - 2.2 CONCRETE AND REINFORCEMENT
24 - 2.2.1 Concrete
24 - 2.2.2 Reinforcement
24 - 2.3 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
25 - SECTION 3 GENERAL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
25 - 3.1 DESIGN
25 - 3.1.1 Aim
25 - 3.1.2 Requirements
25 - 3.1.3 Design of composite beam components
26 - 3.1.4 Composite beam minimum slab outstand
26 - 3.2 LOADS AND OTHER ACTIONS
26 - 3.2.1 Loads
26 - 3.2.2 Other actions
26 - 3.2.3 Design loads
26 - 3.3 DESIGN FOR LIMIT STATES
26 - 3.3.1 Design for strength
27 - 3.3.2 Design for serviceability
27 - 3.3.3 Design for durability
27 - 3.3.4 Design for fire resistance
27 - 3.3.5 Design by prototype testing
28 - SECTION 4 LOADS AND OTHER ACTIONS
28 - 4.1 GENERAL
28 - 4.1.1 Nominal Loads
28 - 4.1.2 Other actions
28 - 4.1.3 Reduction of uniformly-distributed live loads
28 - 4.1.4 Designloads
28 - 4.2 CONSTRUCTION STAGES
28 - 4.2.1 General
28 - 4.2.2 Prior to development of composite action
29 - 4.2.3 After development of composite action
30 - SECTION 5 EFFECTIVE SECTION AND DESIGN ACTION EFFECTS FOR STRENGTH DESIGN
30 - 5.1 GENERAL
30 - 5.2 EFFECTIVE SECTION OF A COMPOSITE BEAM CROSS-SECTION
30 - 5.2.1 General
30 - 5.2.2 Effective width of concrete compression flange
33 - 5.2.3 Effective portion of steel beam
35 - 5.3 CALCULATION OF DESIGN ACTION EFFECTS DUE TO DESIGN LOADS
35 - 5.3.1 General
35 - 5.3.2 Definitions
36 - 5.3.3 Effective span
36 - 5.3.4 Calculation procedure
36 - 5.3.5 Tributary area
37 - SECTION 6 DESIGN FOR STRENGTH
37 - 6.1 GENERAL
37 - 6.2 DESIGN
37 - 6.2.1 General
37 - 6.2.2 Limit state requirements
37 - 6.2.3 Design procedure
39 - 6.3 POTENTIALLY CRITICAL CROSS-SECTIONS
39 - 6.4 CALCULATION OF DESIGN VERTICAL SHEAR CAPACITY AND DESIGN MOMENT CAPACITY AS A FUNCTION OF DEGREE OF SHEAR CONNECTION
39 - 6.4.1 Design vertical shear capacity
39 - 6.4.2 Design moment capacity
40 - 6.5 CALCULATION OF MINIMUM DEGREE OF SHEAR CONNECTION AT POTENTIALLY CRITICAL CROSS-SECTIONS
40 - 6.5.1 General
40 - 6.5.2 Cross-sections where ...
40 - 6.5.3 Cross-sections where ...
41 - 6.6 DISTRIBUTION OF SHEAR CONNECTORS BETWEEN POTENTIALLY CRITICAL CROSS-SECTIONS AND BEAM ENDS
41 - 6.6.1 General
41 - 6.6.2 Distribution of shear connectors
41 - 6.6.3 Calculation of number of shear connectors
43 - SECTION 7 DESIGN FOR SERVICEABILITY
43 - 7.1 GENERAL
43 - 7.2 DEFLECTION CONTROL
43 - 7.2.1 Definitions
43 - 7.2.2 Deflection control
43 - 7.2.3 Refined method
44 - 7.2.4 Simplified method
44 - 7.3 CRACK CONTROL
44 - 7.3.1 Slab continuity transverse to span
45 - 7.3.2 Slab continuity in the direction of the span
45 - 7.4 VIBRATION CONTROL
46 - SECTION 8 DESIGN OF SHEAR CONNECTORS
46 - 8.1 GENERAL
46 - 8.2 SHEAR CONNECTORS
46 - 8.2.1 Types
47 - 8.2.2 Geometry
47 - 8.3 SHEAR CAPACITY OF SHEAR CONNECTORS
47 - 8.3.1 General
47 - 8.3.2 Nominal shear capacity in solid slabs
48 - 8.3.3 Nominal shear capacity in composite slabs
49 - 8.3.4 Design shear capacity
49 - 8.4 DETAILING OF SHEAR CONNECTORS
49 - 8.4.1 Longitudinal detailing
50 - 8.4.2 Transverse detailing
52 - 8.4.3 Attachment details
54 - 8.4.4 Minimum concrete cover for durability
55 - SECTION 9 TRANSFER OF LONGITUDINAL SHEAR IN CONCRETE
55 - 9.1 GENERAL
55 - 9.2 DEFINITIONS
55 - 9.3 DESIGN
55 - 9.3.1 Limit state requirement
55 - 9.3.2 Design procedure
56 - 9.4 LONGITUDINAL SHEAR SURFACES
56 - 9.4.1 Shear surface types
57 - 9.4.2 Shear surface perimeter length
60 - 9.5 DESIGN LONGITUDINAL SHEAR FORCE
61 - 9.6 NOMINAL LONGITUDINAL SHEAR CAPACITY
62 - 9.7 TYPE 1, 2 AND 3 LONGITUDINAL SHEAR REINFORCEMENT
62 - 9.7.1 General
62 - 9.7.2 Minimum longitudinal shear reinforcement for Type 2 and 3 shear surfaces
62 - 9.7.3 Anchorage of longitudinal shear reinforcement
62 - 9.8 TYPE 4 LONGITUDINAL SHEAR REINFORCEMENT
62 - 9.8.1 Locations
62 - 9.8.2 Detailing
65 - SECTION 10 DESIGN FOR FIRE RESISTANCE
65 - 10.1 REQUIREMENTS
65 - 10.2 DEFINITIONS
66 - 10.3 DETERMINATION OF PERIOD OF STRUCTURAL ADEQUACY
66 - 10.4 DETERMINATION OF LIMITING TEMPERATURE OF THE STEEL
66 - 10.5 DETERMINATION OF TIME AT WHICH LIMITING TEMPERATURE IS ATTAINED FOR PROTECTED MEMBERS
66 - 10.5.1 Methods
66 - 10.5.2 Temperature based on test series
68 - 10.5.3 Temperature based on single test
68 - 10.6 DETERMINATION OF TIME AT WHICH LIMITING TEMPERATURE IS ATTAINED FOR UNPROTECTED MEMBERS
68 - 10.7 DETERMINATION OF PSA FROM A SINGLE TEST
68 - 10.8 THREE-SIDED FIRE EXPOSURE CONDITION
69 - 10.9 CONNECTIONS AND WEB PENETRATIONS
69 - 10.9.1 Connections
69 - 10.9.2 Web penetrations
69 - 10.10 DETERMINATION OF PERIOD OF STRUCTURAL ADEQUACY BY OTHER CALCULATION METHODS
70 - SECTION 11 CONSTRUCTION
70 - 11.1 GENERAL
70 - 11.2 CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE AND LOADS
70 - 11.3 STEELWORK
70 - 11.3.1 Fabrication and erection
70 - 11.3.2 Site fixing of shear connectors
70 - 11.4 FORMWORK AND FALSEWORK
70 - 11.4. 1 General
70 - 11.4.2 Solid slabs
71 - 11.4.3 Composite slabs
71 - 11.5 REINFORCEMENT
71 - 11.6 CONCRETE
71 - 11.6.1 Materials, manufacture and delivery
71 - 11.6.2 Concrete after delivery
71 - 11.7 FIRE PROTECTION MATERIAL
72 - SECTION 12 LOAD TESTING
72 - 12.1 GENERAL
72 - 12.1.1 Purpose of testing
72 - 12.1.2 Test set-up
72 - 12.1.3 Test load
72 - 12.1.4 Test deflections
72 - 12.2 PROOF TESTING
72 - 12.2.1 Test procedures
72 - 12.2.2 Criteria for acceptance
73 - 12.2.3 Damage incurred during test
73 - 12.3 PROTOTYPE TESTING
73 - 12.3.1 Construction of prototypes
73 - 12.3.2 Number of prototypes
73 - 12.3.4 Test loads
73 - 12.3.5 Test procedure
74 - 12.3.6 Criteria for acceptance
74 - 12.3.7 Acceptance of manufactured beams
74 - 12.4 TEST REPORTS
75 - APPENDIX A - LIST OF REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
77 - APPENDIX B - CALCULATION OF DEFLECTIONS BY SIMPLIFIED METHOD
77 - B1 DESIGN PROCEDURE
79 - B2 DEFLECTION COMPONENTS AND CORRESPONDING DESIGN LOADS
79 - B3 ELASTIC SECTION PROPERTIES OF COMPOSITE BEAM CROSS- SECTIONS ASSUMING FULL INTERACTION
79 - B3.1 General
80 - B3.2 Elastic neutral axis in concrete slab
81 - B3.3 Elastic neutral axis in steel beam
82 - B3.4 Effective second moments of area of composite beam
82 - B4 MAXIMUM STRESS IN STEEL BEAM
83 - APPENDIX C - SUGGESTED LIMITS FOR CALCULATED DEFLECTIONS
83 - C1 BEAMS
83 - C2 PROFILED STEEL SHEETING
84 - APPENDIX D - CALCULATION OF DESIGN MOMENT CAPACITY AS A FUNCTION OF DEGREE OF SHEAR CONNECTION
84 - D1 GENERAL
84 - D2 CROSS-SECTIONS WHERE.....
84 - D2.1 General
84 - D2.2 Calculation of .....
84 - D2.3 Nominal moment capacities.....
93 - D3 CROSS-SECTIONS WHERE....
93 - D3.1 General
93 - D3.2 Relationship with..
93 - D3.3 Calculation of..
95 - D3.4 Nominal moment capacities ...
100 - APPENDIX E - FLOW CHARTS
100 - E1 OVERALL DESIGN
102 - E2 CALCULATION OF EFFECTIVE CROSS-SECTION
103 - E3 GENERAL PROCEDURE FOR STRENGTH DESIGN
105 - E4 PROCEDURE FOR DESIGN OF LONGITUDINAL SHEAR REINFORCEMENT FOR TYPE1, 2 AND 3 SHEAR SURFACES
106 - APPENDIX F - CONSTRUCTION STAGES AND MINIMUM CONSTRUCTION LOADS
106 - F1 CONSTRUCTION STAGES
108 - F2 MINIMUM NOMINAL LOADS FOR CONSTRUCTION
108 - F2.1 General
108 - F2.2 Construction Stage 1
108 - F2.3 Construction Stage 2
109 - F2.4 Construction Stage 3
109 - F2.5 Construction Stage 4
109 - F2.6 Construction Stages 5 and 6
111 - APPENDIX G - DESIGN FOR FIRE RESISTANCE OF CONCRETE SLABS
111 - G1 DEFINITIONS
111 - G2 SOLID SLABS
111 - G3 COMPOSITE SLABS
112 - APPENDIX H - INFORMATION FOR DETERMINATION OF ACTION EFFECTS
112 - H1 SUPPORT REACTION POSITIONS
113 - H2 TRIBUTARY AREAS
115 - APPENDIX I - BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES

Sets out minimum requirements for the design, detailing and construction of simply supported composite beams composed of a steel beam interconnected to a concrete slab by shear connectors, including applications in which the slab incorporates profiled steel sheeting. Covers strength and serviceability design for flexure, transverse and longitudinal shear and their interdependence as well as design for fire-resistance. Permits the use of partial shear connection and a wider variety of steel beam sections and shear connector types than previously allowed. Includes detail requirements for construction loads, slab reinforcement and sheer connector positioning, along and transverse to the beam length. Also included are a number of appendices containing design flowcharts and other helpful information.

This Standard sets out minimum requirements for the design, detailing and construction of simply supported composite beams composed of a steel beam and a concrete slab interconnected with shear connectors, including applications where the slab incorporates profiled steel sheeting, as defined in Clause 1.2.This Standard does not cover the design of composite beams -(a) where the elements of the steel beam are less than 3 mm thick or the value of the yield stress (fyb) assumed in design exceeds 450 MPa (see Note 1);(b) where the strength grade of the slab concrete exceeds 40 MPa;(c) where the slab is precast or prestressed; (d) with negative design moments (see Note 2); (e) subjected to dynamic loads;(f) for road or railway bridges (see Note 3); or (g) for fatigue.NOTES:1 This does not preclude the use of steels with a minimum yield strength greater than 450 MPa.2 For the design of composite beams with negative design moments reference may be made to BS 5950:3:1990, Code of Practice for Design of Simple and Continuous Composite Beams.3 For the design of composite bridge beams, reference should be made to the AUSTROADS Bridge Design Code, or the ANZRC Railway Bridge Design Manual as applicable.

First published as AS 2327.1-1980.
Second edition 1996.