ASTM E 1439 : 2012 : R2019

1.1This guide covers procedures for obtaining laboratory data concerning the developmental toxicity of a test material. The test utilizes embryos of the African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis and is called FETAX (Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay-Xenopus) (1).2 Some of these procedures will be useful for conducting developmental toxicity tests with other species of frogs although numerous modifications might be necessary. A list of alternative anurans is presented in Appendix X1.

1.2A renewal exposure regimen and the collection of the required mortality, malformation, and growth-inhibition data are described. Special needs or circumstances might require different types of exposure and data concerning other effects. Some of these modifications are listed in Appendix X2 although other modifications might also be necessary. Whenever these procedures are altered or other species used, the results of tests might not be comparable between modified and unmodified procedures. Any test that is conducted using modified procedures should be reported as having deviated from the guide.

1.3These procedures are applicable to all chemicals either individually or in formulations, commercial products or mixtures that can be measured accurately at the necessary concentrations in water. With appropriate modification these procedures can be used to conduct tests on the effects of temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, physical agents, and on materials such as aqueous effluents (see Guide E1192), surface and ground waters, leachates, aqueous and solid phase extracts, and solid phase samples, such as soils and sediments, particulate matter, sediment, and whole bulk soils and sediment.

1.4This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

1.5This guide is arranged as follows:

1.6This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.