AS 1391-2005

1 - AS 1391-2005 METALLIC MATERIALS-TENSILE TESTING AT AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
4 - PREFACE
5 - CONTENTS
7 - 1 SCOPE
7 - 2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
7 - 3 DEFINITIONS
7 - 3.1 Elongation
7 - 3.2 Engineering stress
7 - 3.3 Extensometer gauge length (Le)
8 - 3.4 Final gauge length (Lu)
8 - 3.5 Fracture
8 - 3.6 Gauge length (L)
8 - 3.7 Lower yield strength (ReL)
8 - 3.8 Maximum force (Fm)
8 - 3.9 Original gauge length (Lo)
8 - 3.10 Parallel length (Lc)
8 - 3.11 Percentage elongation
8 - 3.12 Percentage elongation after fracture (A)
8 - 3.13 Percentage permanent elongation
9 - 3.14 Percentage plastic elongation at maximum force (Ag)
9 - 3.15 Percentage total elongation at fracture (At)
9 - 3.16 Percentage permanent extension
9 - 3.17 Percentage plastic elongation without necking (Awn)
9 - 3.18 Percentage reduction of area (Z)
9 - 3.19 Percentage total extension at maximum force (Agt)
9 - 3.20 Percentage yield point extension (Ae)
9 - 3.21 Permanent set strength (Rr)
9 - 3.22 Proof strength, plastic extension (Rp)
9 - 3.23 Proof strength, total extension (Rt)
9 - 3.24 Reference condition
9 - 3.25 Tensile strength (Rm)
10 - 3.26 Test pieces
10 - 3.26.1 Test piece
10 - 3.26.2 Longitudinal test piece
10 - 3.26.3 Transverse test piece
10 - 3.27 Test sample
10 - 3.28 Test specimen
10 - 3.29 True stress
10 - 3.30 Upper yield strength (ReH)
10 - 3.31 Yield strength
10 - 4 TEST CONDITIONS
10 - 5 SYMBOLS AND DESIGNATIONS
12 - 6 TEST PIECE
12 - 6.1 Shape and dimensions
12 - 6.1.1 General
12 - 6.1.2 Machined test pieces
13 - 6.1.3 Non-machined test pieces
13 - 6.2 Types
13 - 6.3 Preparation of test pieces
13 - 7 MARKING THE ORIGINAL GAUGE LENGTH (Lo)
14 - 8 ACCURACY OF TESTING APPARATUS
14 - 8.1 General
14 - 8.2 Force measuring system
14 - 8.3 Extensometer
14 - 9 TESTING RATE
14 - 9.1 Speed of testing
14 - 9.2 Yield and proof strengths
14 - 9.2.1 Upper yield strength (ReH)
14 - 9.2.2 Lower yield strength (ReL)
15 - 9.2.3 Upper and lower yield strength (ReH and ReL)
15 - ¿9.2.4 Proof strength plastic extension ¿R
15 - 9.2.5 Rate of separation
15 - 9.2.6 Tensile strength (Rm)
15 - 10 DETERMINATION OF THE PERCENTAGE PLASTIC EXTENSION AT MAXIMUM FORCE (Ag)
15 - 11 DETERMINATION OF PERCENTAGE ELONGATION AFTER FRACTURE (A)
15 - 11.1 Percentages elongation after fracture
16 - 11.2 Machines capable of measuring extension at fracture using an extensometer
16 - 11.3 Elongation measured over a given fixed length
16 - 11.4 Avoidance of reject test pieces
17 - 12 DETERMINATION OF PERCENTAGE TOTAL ELONGATION AT MAXIMUM FORCE (Agt)
17 - 13 DETERMINATION OF THE PERCENTAGE YIELD POINT EXTENSION (Ae)
17 - 14 DETERMINATION OF PROOF STRENGTH, PLASTIC EXTENSION (Rp)
18 - 15 DETERMINATION OF PROOF STRENGTH, TOTAL EXTENSION (Rt)
18 - ¿16 METHOD OF VERIFICATION OF PERMANENT SET STRENGTH ¿
18 - 17 DETERMINATION OF PERCENTAGE REDUCTION OF AREA (Z)
18 - 18 ACCURACY OF THE RESULTS
19 - 19 RECORD OF RESULTS
19 - 20 TEST REPORT
20 - 21 FORCE-EXTENSION DIAGRAMS
26 - 22 TEST PIECE FORMS
29 - APPENDIX A - TYPES OF TEST PIECE TO BE USED FOR THIN PRODUCTS: SHEETS, STRIPS AND FLATS BETWEEN 0.1 mm AND 3 mm THICK
29 - A1 GENERAL
29 - A2 SHAPE OF THE TEST PIECE
29 - A3 DIMENSIONS OF THE TEST PIECE
30 - A4 PREPARATION OF TEST PIECES
30 - A4.1 Preparation
30 - A4.2 Width tolerance
31 - A5 DETERMINATION OF THE ORIGINAL CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA (So)
32 - APPENDIX B - TYPES OF TEST PIECE TO BE USED FOR WIRE, BARS AND SECTIONS WITH A DIAMETER OR THICKNESS OF LESS THAN 4 mm
32 - B1 SHAPE OF THE TEST PIECE
32 - B2 DIMENSIONS OF THE TEST PIECE
32 - B3 PREPARATION OF TEST PIECES
32 - B4 DETERMINATION OF THE ORIGINAL CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA (So)
33 - APPENDIX C - TYPES OF TEST PIECE TO BE USED FOR SHEETS AND FLATS OF THICKNESS EQUAL TO OR GREATER THAN 3 mm AND WIRE...
33 - C1 SHAPE OF THE TEST PIECE
33 - C2 DIMENSIONS OF THE TEST PIECE
33 - C2.1 Parallel length of machined test piece (Lc)
33 - C2.2 Length of unmachined test pieces
33 - C2.3 Original gauge length (Lo)
34 - C3 PREPARATION OF TEST PIECES
35 - ¿C4 DETERMINATION OF THE CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA ¿
36 - APPENDIX D - TYPES OF TEST PIECE TO BE USED FOR TUBES
36 - D1 SHAPE OF THE TEST PIECE
36 - D2 DIMENSIONS OF THE TEST PIECE
36 - D2.1 Length of tube
36 - D2.2 Longitudinal or transverse strip
36 - D2.3 Circular cross-section test piece machined in tube wall
36 - D3 DETERMINATION OF THE ORIGINAL CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA (SO)
38 - APPENDIX E - PRECAUTIONS TO BE TAKEN WHEN MEASURING THE PERCENTAGE ELONGATION AFTER FRACTURE IF THE SPECIFIED VALUE IS...
39 - APPENDIX F - MEASUREMENT OF PERCENTAGE ELONGATION AFTER FRACTURE BASED ON SUBDIVISION OF THE ORIGINAL GAUGE LENGTH
41 - APPENDIX G - DETERMINATION OF THE PERCENTAGE PLASTIC ELONGATION WITHOUT NECKING (Awn) FOR LONG PRODUCTS SUCH AS BARS...
42 - APPENDIX H - AN ‚ERROR BUDGET' APPROACH TO THE ESTIMATION OF THE UNCERTAINTY OF MEASUREMENT IN TENSILE TESTING
42 - H1 INTRODUCTION
42 - H2 ESTIMATION OF UNCERTAINTY
42 - H2.1 Material independent parameters
43 - H2.2 Material dependent parameters
44 - H2.3 Total measurement uncertainty
44 - H3 CONCLUDING REMARKS
47 - APPENDIX I - DESIGNATION OF TEST PIECE AXES
47 - I1 SCOPE
47 - I2 DESIGNATORY SYSTEM
47 - I2.1 Method of designation
47 - I2.2 Application of this system
47 - I2.3 Position
48 - I3 APPLICATION OF DESIGNATORY SYSTEM TO PROPERTIES LISTED IN MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS
48 - I3.1 Application
48 - I3.2 Limits of application
51 - APPENDIX J - LOCATION AND PREPARATION OF SAMPLES AND TEST PIECES
51 - J1 SCOPE
51 - J2 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
51 - J2.1 Representative testing
51 - J2.2 Identification of sample products, samples, rough specimens and test pieces
51 - J3 PREPARATION OF SAMPLES AND SELECTION OF TEST PIECES
51 - J3.1 Selection and dimensions of samples and location of test pieces
51 - J3.2 Direction of axis of test pieces
52 - J3.3 Condition and separation of samples
53 - J4 PREPARATION OF TEST PIECES
53 - J4.1 Cutting and machining
53 - J4.2 Reference heat treatment
53 - J5 LOCATION OF SAMPLES AND TEST PIECES
53 - J5.1 General
53 - J5.2 Sections
53 - J5.3 Rounds bars and rods
54 - J5.4 Hexagonal bar
54 - J5.5 Rectangular bar
54 - J5.6 Flat products
54 - J5.7 Tubular products
54 - J5.8 Rectangular hollow sections

Specifies methods by which a test piece of metal is strained in uni-axial tension at room temperature in order to determine one or more of its tensile properties.

This Standard specifies methods by which a test piece of metal is strained in uni-axial tension at room temperature in order to determine one or more of its tensile properties. It defines the properties to be determined and the terms used in describing tests and test pieces. The Standard also specifies the dimensions of standard test pieces and methods for tensile testing a wide range of product forms. Where material Standards (product Standards) specify the dimensions of the test piece, those dimensions take precedence over the dimensions which are specified in Appendices A and C.

First published as AS A23-1928 (being endorsement of BS 18-1910 without amendment).
Second edition 1960 (being endorsement of BS 18-1956 subject to Australian amendment).
Third edition 1964 (being endorsement of BS 18-1962 subject to Australian amendment).
AS A23-1964 revised and redesignated AS 1391-1974.
Second edition 1991.
Third edition 2005.