IEEE 1293-1998

Part I - Specification format
1. Overview
     1.1 Scope
     1.2 Purpose
2. References
3. Definitions
4. Applicable documents
     4.1 Specifications
     4.2 Standards
     4.3 Drawings
     4.4 Bulletins
     4.5 Other Publications
5. Requirements
     5.1 Descriptions
     5.2 General requirements
     5.3 Performance
     5.4 Mechanical requirements
     5.5 Electrical and magnetic requirements
     5.6 Environmental requirements
     5.7 Reliability
6. Quality assurance
     6.1 Classification of tests
     6.2 Acceptance tests
     6.3 Qualification tests
     6.4 Reliability tests
     6.5 Test conditions and equipment
     6.6 Test methods
     6.7 Data submittal
7. Preparation for delivery
8. Notes
     8.1 Intended use
     8.2 Ordering data
     8.3 Model equation
Part II - Test procedure
9. Test procedure overview
10. Description
11. Test conditions and equipment
     11.1 Standard test conditions
     11.2 Test equipment
12. Test procedure
     12.1 Test setup
     12.2 Accelerometer nonoperating tests
     12.3 Accelerometer operating tests
     12.4 Electromagnetically torqued pendulous accelerometer
          tests
     12.5 VBA tests
     12.6 Micromechanical accelerometer tests
     12.7 Life tests
     12.8 Reliability tests
     12.9 Environmental tests
Part III - Accelerometer descriptions
Annex A (informative) Accelerometer dynamic block diagrams
      A.1 Introduction
      A.2 Open-loop operation
      A.3 Closed-loop operation
      A.4 Open-loop operation of closed-loop accelerometer
      A.5 Operation with voltage-to-frequency conversion
      A.6 Operation with digital capture loop
      A.7 Accuracy of capture-loop readout
Annex B (informative) Digital accelerometers and comments
                      concerning their test methods
      B.1 Introduction
      B.2 Description of commonly encountered digital output
           formats
      B.3 Comments concerning test methods associated with
           digital instruments
      B.4 Annex B bibliography
Annex C (informative) Characteristics of pendulous
                      accelerometer
      C.1 Design principles
      C.2 Applications
      C.3 Error sources
      C.4 Tradeoffs
      C.5 Environmental effects
      C.6 Testing
      C.7 Special requirements in the specification
      C.8 Advantages and disadvantages
Annex D (informative) Overview of the characterization and
                      use of VBA
      D.1 Introduction
      D.2 Historical background
      D.3 VBA: theory of operation
      D.4 VBA signal processing
      D.5 VBA error sources
      D.6 Related developments
      D.7 Annex D bibliography
Annex E (informative) VBA resonator frequency as a function
                      of applied acceleration
      E.1 Geometry and elastic properties of vibrating beam
      E.2 Square root relationship derived from energy
           considerations
      E.3 Direct frequency versus force relation
      E.4 Frequency versus force numerical evaluation
      E.5 Comparison of fit coefficients and square root
           Taylor coefficients
      E.6 Annex E bibliography
Annex F (informative) Micromechanical accelerometers
      F.1 Micromachining
      F.2 Micromachined silicon accelerometer -
           flexured-mass configurations
      F.3 Micromachined silicon VBAs
      F.4 Annex F bibliography
Annex G (informative) Outline of error sources in
                      accelerometers
      G.1 Introduction
      G.2 Sensor characterization by mechanization
      G.3 Typical sensor characterization by manufacturing
           process
      G.4 Error categories
      G.5 Sensor physics
Part IV - Filtering, noise, and transient analyses
Annex H (informative) Digital filtering
      H.1 Types of filtering and decimation
      H.2 Rectangular filtering
      H.3 Triangular filtering
      H.4 Higher order filtering
      H.4 Annex H bibliography
Annex I (informative) Noise characterization
      I.1 Stochastic processes
      I.2 Autocorrelation function of a stochastic process
      I.3 Estimation of the autocorrelation function
      I.4 Power spectral density (PSD) of a stationary
           stochastic process
      I.5 Estimation of the PSD
      I.6 Numerical evaluation and plotting of the PSD
      I.7 Characteristic PSD noise slopes
      I.8 Characteristic Allan variance noise slopes
      I.9 Estimation of Markov noise parameters
      I.10 Annex I bibliography
Annex J (informative) Characterization of transient behavior
      J.1 Types of transient behavior
      J.2 Second-order ordinary differential equation
           transient
      J.3 Exponential, square root, and logarithmic
           transients
      J.4 Estimation of transient parameters
      J.5 Annex J bibliography
Part V - Calibration and modeling techniques
Annex K (informative) Calibrating accelerometer model
                      coefficients from static multipoint
                      tumble data
      K.1 Multipoint tumble test and analysis procedures
      K.2 Model equation for multipoint tumble analysis
      K.3 Multipoint tumble analysis with a single
           accelerometer observable
      K.4 Multipoint tumble analysis with dual orthogonal
           accelerometer observables
      K.5 Multipoint tumble analysis with orthogonal
           accelerometer magnitude-squared-of-g observable
      K.6 Least-squares maximum likelihood estimation
      K.7 Annex K bibliography
Annex L (informative) Vibration test equipment, test
                      procedures, and analysis techniques
      L.1 Test equipment and test fixtures
      L.2 Test scenarios
      L.3 Error sources
      L.4 Test instrumentation and procedures
      L.5 General comments on analysis techniques
      L.6 Calibration of nonlinear coefficients from
           vibration along different instrument axes
      L.7 Summary
      L.8 Annex L bibliography
Annex M (informative) Geophysical effects in inertial
                      instrument testing
      M.1 Introduction
      M.2 Seismic environment
      M.3 Tilt and azimuth variations
      M.4 Effect of lunar-solar earth tides
      M.5 Effect of ocean tides
      M.6 Variations in earth rotation
      M.7 Annex M bibliography

Defines specification and test requirements for linear, single-axis, nongyroscopic accelerometer for use in inertial navigation, guidance, and leveling systems. Also provides a format guide and compilation of recommended test methods for such accelerometers.