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ASTM E 1391 : 2003 : R2014

Superseded

Superseded

A superseded Standard is one, which is fully replaced by another Standard, which is a new edition of the same Standard.

View Superseded by

Standard Guide for Collection, Storage, Characterization, and Manipulation of Sediments for Toxicological Testing and for Selection of Samplers Used to Collect Benthic Invertebrates

Available format(s)

Hardcopy , PDF

Superseded date

23-03-2023

Language(s)

English

Published date

28-05-2015

$222.62
Including GST where applicable

CONTAINED IN VOL. 11.06, 2017 Defines procedures for obtaining, storing, characterizing, and manipulating marine, estuarine, and freshwater sediments, for use in laboratory sediment toxicity evaluations and describes samplers that can be used to collect sediment and benthic invertebrates.

Committee
E 50
DevelopmentNote
Supersedes ASTM D 4343, ASTM D 4344, ASTM D 4345 and ASTM D 4347. (10/2003) Supersedes ASTM D 4557, ASTM D 4558, ASTM E 1468, ASTM E 1469, ASTM D 4342, ASTM D 4348, ASTM D 4387, ASTM D 4401, ASTM D 4407 and ASTM D 4556. (11/2003) Supersedes ASTM D 4346. (07/2004)
DocumentType
Guide
Pages
95
ProductNote
Reconfirmed 2014
PublisherName
American Society for Testing and Materials
Status
Superseded
SupersededBy
Supersedes

1.1This guide covers procedures for obtaining, storing, characterizing, and manipulating marine, estuarine, and freshwater sediments, for use in laboratory sediment toxicity evaluations and describes samplers that can be used to collect sediment and benthic invertebrates (Annex A1). This standard is not meant to provide detailed guidance for all aspects of sediment assessments, such as chemical analyses or monitoring, geophysical characterization, or extractable phase and fractionation analyses. However, some of this information might have applications for some of these activities. A variety of methods are reviewed in this guide. A statement on the consensus approach then follows this review of the methods. This consensus approach has been included in order to foster consistency among studies. It is anticipated that recommended methods and this guide will be updated routinely to reflect progress in our understanding of sediments and how to best study them. This version of the standard is based primarily on a document developed by USEPA (2001 (1))2 and by Environment Canada (1994 (2)) as well as an earlier version of this standard.

1.2Protecting sediment quality is an important part of restoring and maintaining the biological integrity of our natural resources as well as protecting aquatic life, wildlife, and human health. Sediment is an integral component of aquatic ecosystems, providing habitat, feeding, spawning, and rearing areas for many aquatic organisms (MacDonald and Ingersoll 2002 a, b (3)(4)). Sediment also serves as a reservoir for contaminants in sediment and therefore a potential source of contaminants to the water column, organisms, and ultimately human consumers of those organisms. These contaminants can arise from a number of sources, including municipal and industrial discharges, urban and agricultural runoff, atmospheric deposition, and port operations.

1.3Contaminated sediment can cause lethal and sublethal effects in benthic (sediment-dwelling) and other sediment-associated organisms. In addition, natural and human disturbances can release contaminants to the overlying water, where pelagic (water column) organisms can be exposed. Sediment-associated contaminants can reduce or eliminate species of recreational, commercial, or ecological importance, either through direct effects or by affecting the food supply that sustainable populations require. Furthermore, some contaminants in sediment can bioaccumulate through the food chain and pose health risks to wildlife and human consumers even when sediment-dwelling organisms are not themselves impacted (Test Method E1706).

1.4There are several regulatory guidance documents concerned with sediment collection and characterization procedures that might be important for individuals performing federal or state agency-related work. Discussion of some of the principles and current thoughts on these approaches can be found in Dickson, et al. Ingersoll et al. (1997 (5)), and Wenning and Ingersoll (2002 (6)).

1.5This guide is arranged as follows:

Section

Scope

1

Referenced Documents

2

Terminology

3

Summary of Guide

4

Significance and Use

5

Interferences

6

Apparatus

7

Safety Hazards

8

Sediment Monitoring and Assessment Plans

9

Collection of Whole Sediment Samples

10

Field Sample Processing, Transport, and Storage of Sediments

11

Sample Manipulations

12

Collection of Interstitial Water

13

Physico-chemical Characterization of Sediment Samples

14

Quality Assurance

15

Report

16

Keywords

17

Description of Samplers Used to Collect Sediment or Benthic Invertebrates

Annex A1

1.6Field-collected sediments might contain potentially toxic materials and should thus be treated with caution to minimize occupational exposure to workers. Worker safety must also be considered when working with spiked sediments containing various organic, inorganic, or radiolabeled contaminants, or some combination thereof. Careful consideration should be given to those chemicals that might biodegrade, volatilize, oxidize, or photolyze during the exposure.

1.7The values stated in either SI or inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.

1.8This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use. Specific hazards statements are given in Section 8.

ASTM E 3163 : 2018 Standard Guide for Selection and Application of Analytical Methods and Procedures Used during Sediment Corrective Action
ASTM E 2591 : 2007 : R2013 Standard Guide for Conducting Whole Sediment Toxicity Tests with Amphibians
ASTM E 2122 : 2002 : R2013 Standard Guide for Conducting In-situ Field Bioassays With Caged Bivalves (Withdrawn 2022)
ASTM E 1439 : 2012 : R2019 Standard Guide for Conducting the Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay-Xenopus (FETAX)
ASTM E 1841 : 2004 : R2012 Standard Guide for Conducting Renewal Phytotoxicity Tests With Freshwater Emergent Macrophytes (Withdrawn 2021)
ASTM E 1706 : 2019 Standard Test Method for Measuring the Toxicity of Sediment-Associated Contaminants with Freshwater Invertebrates
ASTM E 1611 : 2000 : R2013 Standard Guide for Conducting Sediment Toxicity Tests with Polychaetous Annelids
ASTM E 2455 : 2006 : R2013 Standard Guide for Conducting Laboratory Toxicity Tests with Freshwater Mussels (Withdrawn 2022)
ASTM E 1367 : 2003 : R2014 Standard Test Method for Measuring the Toxicity of Sediment-Associated Contaminants with Estuarine and Marine Invertebrates
ASTM D 6232 : 2016 Standard Guide for Selection of Sampling Equipment for Waste and Contaminated Media Data Collection Activities
ASTM E 2020 : 2016 Standard Guide for Data and Information Options for Conducting an Ecological Risk Assessment at Contaminated Sites
ASTM E 1563 : 1998 : R2012 Standard Guide for Conducting Static Acute Toxicity Tests with Echinoid Embryos
ASTM E 724 : 1998 : R2012 Standard Guide for<brk type="line"/> Conducting Static Acute Toxicity Tests Starting with Embryos of Four Species of Saltwater Bivalve Molluscs
ASTM E 1849 : 1996 : R2013 Standard Guide for Fish and Wildlife Incident Monitoring and Reporting (Withdrawn 2022)
ASTM E 2590 : 2015 Standard Guide for Conducting Hazard Analysis-Critical Control Point (HACCP) Evaluations
ASTM E 1688 : 2010 : R2016 Standard Guide for Determination of the Bioaccumulation of Sediment-Associated Contaminants by Benthic Invertebrates
ASTM E 2455 : 2022 Standard Guide for Conducting Laboratory Toxicity Tests with Freshwater Mussels
ASTM E 1525 : 2002 : R2023 Standard Guide for Designing Biological Tests with Sediments
ASTM E 1563 : 2021 : REV A Standard Guide for Conducting Short-Term Chronic Toxicity Tests with Echinoid Embryos
ASTM E 3268 : 2021 Standard Guide for NAPL Mobility and Migration in Sediment—Sample Collection, Field Screening, and Sample Handling
ASTM E 1562 : 2022 Standard Guide for Conducting Acute, Chronic, and Life-Cycle Aquatic Toxicity Tests with Polychaetous Annelids
ASTM E 2591 : 2022 Standard Guide for Conducting Whole Sediment Toxicity Tests with Amphibians
ASTM E 724 : 2021 Standard Guide for<brk type="line"/> Conducting Static Short-Term Chronic Toxicity Tests Starting with Embryos of Four Species of Saltwater Bivalve Molluscs
ASTM E 2020 : 2022 Standard Guide for Data and Information Options for Conducting an Ecological Risk Assessment at Contaminated Sites
ASTM E 1367 : 2003 : R2023 Standard Test Method for Measuring the Toxicity of Sediment-Associated Contaminants with Estuarine and Marine Invertebrates
ASTM E 2122 : 2022 Standard Guide for Conducting In-situ Field Bioassays With Caged Bivalves
ASTM D 6232 : 2021 Standard Guide for Selection of Sampling Equipment for Waste and Contaminated Media Data Collection Activities
ASTM E 3164 : 2018 Standard Guide for Sediment Corrective Action – Monitoring
ASTM E 1525 : 2002 : R2014 Standard Guide for Designing Biological Tests with Sediments

ASTM E 1367 : 2003 : EDT 1 Standard Test Method for Measuring the Toxicity of Sediment-Associated Contaminants with Estuarine and Marine Invertebrates
ASTM D 1067 : 2006 Standard Test Methods for Acidity or Alkalinity of Water
ASTM E 1706 : 2005 Standard Test Method for Measuring the Toxicity of Sediment-Associated Contaminants with Freshwater Invertebrates
ASTM E 1611 : 2000 : R2007 Standard Guide for Conducting Sediment Toxicity Tests with Polychaetous Annelids
ASTM D 1129 : 2013 : REDLINE Standard Terminology Relating to Water
ASTM D 1129 : 2003 Standard Terminology Relating to Water
ASTM D 1067 : 2002 Standard Test Methods for Acidity or Alkalinity of Water
ASTM E 1525 : 1994 Standard Guide for Designing Biological Tests with Sediments
ASTM D 1426 : 1998 Standard Test Methods for Ammonia Nitrogen In Water
ASTM D 1129 : 2013 Standard Terminology Relating to Water
ASTM D 1129 : 2013 : R2020 Standard Terminology Relating to Water
ASTM D 3976 : 1992 : R2005 Standard Practice for Preparation of Sediment Samples for Chemical Analysis
ASTM E 1688 : 2000 : REV A Standard Guide for Determination of the Bioaccumulation of Sediment-Associated Contaminants by Benthic Invertebrates
ASTM D 4822 : 1988 : R2008 Standard Guide for Selection of Methods of Particle Size Analysis of Fluvial Sediments (Manual Methods)
ASTM D 4822 : 1988 : R2019 Standard Guide for Selection of Methods of Particle Size Analysis of Fluvial Sediments (Manual Methods)
ASTM E 1611 : 2000 Standard Guide for Conducting Sediment Toxicity Tests with Marine and Estuarine Polychaetous Annelids
ASTM E 1688 : 2000 : REV A : R2007 Standard Guide for Determination of the Bioaccumulation of Sediment-Associated Contaminants by Benthic Invertebrates
ASTM E 729 : 1996 : R2014 Standard Guide for Conducting Acute Toxicity Tests on Test Materials with Fishes, Macroinvertebrates, and Amphibians
ASTM E 1525 : 1994 : REV A Standard Guide for Designing Biological Tests with Sediments
ASTM D 4823 : 1995 : R2019 Standard Guide for Core Sampling Submerged, Unconsolidated Sediments
ASTM E 1241 : 2022 Standard Guide for<brk type="line"/> Conducting Early Life-Stage Toxicity Tests with Fishes
ASTM D 3976 : 1992 : R2001 Standard Practice for Preparation of Sediment Samples for Chemical Analysis
ASTM E 1367 : 2003 : R2014 Standard Test Method for Measuring the Toxicity of Sediment-Associated Contaminants with Estuarine and Marine Invertebrates
ASTM D 1129 : 2006 Standard Terminology Relating to Water
ASTM D 3976 : 1992 : R2010 Standard Practice for Preparation of Sediment Samples for Chemical Analysis
ASTM D 4822 : 1988 : R2003 Standard Guide for Selection of Methods of Particle Size Analysis of Fluvial Sediments (Manual Methods)
ASTM E 1706 : 2000 : EDT 1 Test Method for Measuring the Toxicity of Sediment-Associated Contaminants with Fresh Water Invertebrates
ASTM E 1706 : 2020 Standard Test Method for Measuring the Toxicity of Sediment-Associated Contaminants with Freshwater Invertebrates
ASTM D 4823 : 1995 : R2014 Standard Guide for Core Sampling Submerged, Unconsolidated Sediments
ASTM D 3976 : 1992 : R1996 Standard Practice for Preparation of Sediment Samples for Chemical Analysis
ASTM D 1426 : 2015 : REDLINE Standard Test Methods for Ammonia Nitrogen In Water
ASTM D 4823 : 1995 : R2008 Standard Guide for Core Sampling Submerged, Unconsolidated Sediments
ASTM E 1706 : 2000 Test Method for Measuring the Toxicity of Sediment-Associated Contaminants with Fresh Water Invertebrates
ASTM E 1706 : 2005 : EDT 1 Standard Test Method for Measuring the Toxicity of Sediment-Associated Contaminants with Freshwater Invertebrates
ASTM D 4823 : 1995 : R2003 : EDT 1 Standard Guide for Core Sampling Submerged, Unconsolidated Sediments
ASTM D 1129 : 2013 : R2020 : EDT 1 Standard Terminology Relating to Water
ASTM D 1129 : 1999 : REV A Standard Terminology Relating to Water
ASTM D 1129 : 2006 : REV A Standard Terminology Relating to Water
IEEE/ASTM SI_10-2010 American National Standard for Metric Practice
ASTM D 1129 : 2003 : REV A Standard Terminology Relating to Water
ASTM D 1129 : 2002 Standard Terminology Relating to Water
ASTM E 1367 : 2003 : R2008 Standard Test Method for Measuring the Toxicity of Sediment-Associated Contaminants with Estuarine and Marine Invertebrates
ASTM D 1126 : 2002 Standard Test Method for Hardness in Water
ASTM D 4823 : 1995 : R1999 Standard Guide for Core Sampling Submerged, Unconsolidated Sediments
ASTM D 1426 : 2015 : R2021 : EDT 1 Standard Test Methods for Ammonia Nitrogen In Water
ASTM D 3976 : 1992 PRACTICE FOR PREPARATION OF SEDIMENT SAMPLES FOR CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
ASTM E 1611 : 2021 Standard Guide for Conducting Sediment Toxicity Tests with Polychaetous Annelids
ASTM E 1367 : 1992 Standard Guide for Conducting 10-day Static Sediment Toxicity Tests with Marine and Estuarine Amphipods
ASTM E 1688 : 2019 Standard Guide for Determination of the Bioaccumulation of Sediment-Associated Contaminants by Benthic Invertebrates
ASTM E 1611 : 2000 : R2013 Standard Guide for Conducting Sediment Toxicity Tests with Polychaetous Annelids
ASTM D 1129 : 2004 Standard Terminology Relating to Water
ASTM D 3976 : 2022 Standard Practice for Preparation of Sediment Samples for Chemical Analysis
ASTM D 3976 : 1992 : R2015 Standard Practice for Preparation of Sediment Samples for Chemical Analysis
ASTM E 1367 : 2003 Standard Test Method for Measuring the Toxicity of Sediment-Associated Contaminants with Estuarine and Marine Invertebrates
ASTM E 1706 : 2005 : R2010 Standard Test Method for Measuring the Toxicity of Sediment-Associated Contaminants with Freshwater Invertebrates (Withdrawn 2019)
ASTM E 1525 : 2002 : R2008 Standard Guide for Designing Biological Tests with Sediments
ASTM D 1126 : 2012 Standard Test Method for Hardness in Water
ASTM D 1067 : 2016 Standard Test Methods for Acidity or Alkalinity of Water
ASTM E 1706 : 2000 : EDT 2 Test Method for Measuring the Toxicity of Sediment-Associated Contaminants with Freshwater Invertebrates
ASTM D 1126 : 2002 : R2007 : EDT 1 Standard Test Method for Hardness in Water
ASTM E 943 : 2008 : R2014 Standard Terminology Relating to Biological Effects and Environmental Fate (Withdrawn 2023)
ASTM D 1067 : 2016 : REDLINE Standard Test Methods for Acidity or Alkalinity of Water
ASTM D 4822 : 1988 : R2014 Standard Guide for Selection of Methods of Particle Size Analysis of Fluvial Sediments (Manual Methods)
ASTM E 1706 : 2004 Test Method for Measuring the Toxicity of Sediment-Associated Contaminants with Freshwater Invertebrates
ASTM D 1126 : 2017 Standard Test Method for Hardness in Water
ASTM E 1241 : 2005 Standard Guide for Conducting Early Life-Stage Toxicity Tests with Fishes
ASTM D 1129 : 2002 : REV A Standard Terminology Relating to Water
ASTM E 729 : 2023 Standard Guide for Conducting Acute Toxicity Tests on Test Materials with Fishes, Macroinvertebrates, and Amphibians
ASTM D 1126 : 1996 Standard Test Method for Hardness in Water
ASTM D 1067 : 1988 Standard Test Methods for Acidity or Alkalinity of Water
ASTM E 729 : 1996 Standard Guide for Conducting Acute Toxicity Tests on Test Materials with Fishes, Macroinvertebrates, and Amphibians
ASTM E 1688:2010 Standard Guide for Determination of the Bioaccumulation of Sediment-Associated Contaminants by Benthic Invertebrates
ASTM D 4387 : 1984 : R1997 Standard Guide for Selecting Grab Sampling Devices for Collecitng Benthic Macroinvertebrates
ASTM D 4822 : 1988 : R1999 Standard Guide for Selection of Methods of Particle Size Analysis of Fluvial Sediments (Manual Methods)
ASTM D 1426 : 2008 Standard Test Methods for Ammonia Nitrogen In Water
ASTM D 1426 : 2015 Standard Test Methods for Ammonia Nitrogen In Water
ASTM E 1706 : 2019 Standard Test Method for Measuring the Toxicity of Sediment-Associated Contaminants with Freshwater Invertebrates
ASTM D 1129 : 2010 Standard Terminology Relating to Water
ASTM E 1525 : 2002 Standard Guide for Designing Biological Tests with Sediments
ASTM D 1129 : 2006 : REV A : EDT 1 Standard Terminology Relating to Water
ASTM E 1241 : 2005 : R2013 Standard Guide for<brk type="line"/> Conducting Early Life-Stage Toxicity Tests with Fishes (Withdrawn 2022)
ASTM D 1129 : 2001 Standard Terminology Relating to Water
ASTM D 1129 : 2004 : EDT 1 Standard Terminology Relating to Water
ASTM E 729 : 2023 : EDT 1 Standard Guide for Conducting Acute Toxicity Tests on Test Materials with Fishes, Macroinvertebrates, and Amphibians
ASTM E 1241 : 1998 Standard Guide for Conducting Early Life-Stage Toxicity Tests with Fishes
ASTM E 1367 : 1999 Standard Guide for Conducting 10-day Static Sediment Toxicity Tests with Marine and Estuarine Amphipods
ASTM D 1067 : 2011 Standard Test Methods for Acidity or Alkalinity of Water
ASTM E 1688 : 2010 : R2016 Standard Guide for Determination of the Bioaccumulation of Sediment-Associated Contaminants by Benthic Invertebrates
ASTM E 1525 : 2002 : R2014 Standard Guide for Designing Biological Tests with Sediments
ASTM D 1426 : 2003 Standard Test Methods for Ammonia Nitrogen In Water
ASTM D 1067 : 1992 : R1996 Standard Test Methods for Acidity or Alkalinity of Water

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