ASTM E 1391 : 2003 : R2014
Superseded
A superseded Standard is one, which is fully replaced by another Standard, which is a new edition of the same Standard.
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Standard Guide for Collection, Storage, Characterization, and Manipulation of Sediments for Toxicological Testing and for Selection of Samplers Used to Collect Benthic Invertebrates
Hardcopy , PDF
23-03-2023
English
28-05-2015
CONTAINED IN VOL. 11.06, 2017 Defines procedures for obtaining, storing, characterizing, and manipulating marine, estuarine, and freshwater sediments, for use in laboratory sediment toxicity evaluations and describes samplers that can be used to collect sediment and benthic invertebrates.
Committee |
E 50
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DevelopmentNote |
Supersedes ASTM D 4343, ASTM D 4344, ASTM D 4345 and ASTM D 4347. (10/2003) Supersedes ASTM D 4557, ASTM D 4558, ASTM E 1468, ASTM E 1469, ASTM D 4342, ASTM D 4348, ASTM D 4387, ASTM D 4401, ASTM D 4407 and ASTM D 4556. (11/2003) Supersedes ASTM D 4346. (07/2004)
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DocumentType |
Guide
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Pages |
95
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ProductNote |
Reconfirmed 2014
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PublisherName |
American Society for Testing and Materials
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Status |
Superseded
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SupersededBy | |
Supersedes |
1.1This guide covers procedures for obtaining, storing, characterizing, and manipulating marine, estuarine, and freshwater sediments, for use in laboratory sediment toxicity evaluations and describes samplers that can be used to collect sediment and benthic invertebrates (Annex A1). This standard is not meant to provide detailed guidance for all aspects of sediment assessments, such as chemical analyses or monitoring, geophysical characterization, or extractable phase and fractionation analyses. However, some of this information might have applications for some of these activities. A variety of methods are reviewed in this guide. A statement on the consensus approach then follows this review of the methods. This consensus approach has been included in order to foster consistency among studies. It is anticipated that recommended methods and this guide will be updated routinely to reflect progress in our understanding of sediments and how to best study them. This version of the standard is based primarily on a document developed by USEPA (2001 (1))2 and by Environment Canada (1994 (2)) as well as an earlier version of this standard.
1.2Protecting sediment quality is an important part of restoring and maintaining the biological integrity of our natural resources as well as protecting aquatic life, wildlife, and human health. Sediment is an integral component of aquatic ecosystems, providing habitat, feeding, spawning, and rearing areas for many aquatic organisms (MacDonald and Ingersoll 2002 a, b (3)(4)). Sediment also serves as a reservoir for contaminants in sediment and therefore a potential source of contaminants to the water column, organisms, and ultimately human consumers of those organisms. These contaminants can arise from a number of sources, including municipal and industrial discharges, urban and agricultural runoff, atmospheric deposition, and port operations.
1.3Contaminated sediment can cause lethal and sublethal effects in benthic (sediment-dwelling) and other sediment-associated organisms. In addition, natural and human disturbances can release contaminants to the overlying water, where pelagic (water column) organisms can be exposed. Sediment-associated contaminants can reduce or eliminate species of recreational, commercial, or ecological importance, either through direct effects or by affecting the food supply that sustainable populations require. Furthermore, some contaminants in sediment can bioaccumulate through the food chain and pose health risks to wildlife and human consumers even when sediment-dwelling organisms are not themselves impacted (Test Method E1706).
1.4There are several regulatory guidance documents concerned with sediment collection and characterization procedures that might be important for individuals performing federal or state agency-related work. Discussion of some of the principles and current thoughts on these approaches can be found in Dickson, et al. Ingersoll et al. (1997 (5)), and Wenning and Ingersoll (2002 (6)).
1.5This guide is arranged as follows:
Section | |
Scope | 1 |
Referenced Documents | 2 |
Terminology | 3 |
Summary of Guide | 4 |
Significance and Use | 5 |
Interferences | 6 |
Apparatus | 7 |
Safety Hazards | 8 |
Sediment Monitoring and Assessment Plans | 9 |
Collection of Whole Sediment Samples | 10 |
Field Sample Processing, Transport, and Storage of Sediments | 11 |
Sample Manipulations | 12 |
Collection of Interstitial Water | 13 |
Physico-chemical Characterization of Sediment Samples | 14 |
Quality Assurance | 15 |
Report | 16 |
Keywords | 17 |
Description of Samplers Used to Collect Sediment or Benthic Invertebrates | Annex A1 |
1.6Field-collected sediments might contain potentially toxic materials and should thus be treated with caution to minimize occupational exposure to workers. Worker safety must also be considered when working with spiked sediments containing various organic, inorganic, or radiolabeled contaminants, or some combination thereof. Careful consideration should be given to those chemicals that might biodegrade, volatilize, oxidize, or photolyze during the exposure.
1.7The values stated in either SI or inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.8This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use. Specific hazards statements are given in Section 8.
ASTM E 3163 : 2018 | Standard Guide for Selection and Application of Analytical Methods and Procedures Used during Sediment Corrective Action |
ASTM E 2591 : 2007 : R2013 | Standard Guide for Conducting Whole Sediment Toxicity Tests with Amphibians |
ASTM E 2122 : 2002 : R2013 | Standard Guide for Conducting In-situ Field Bioassays With Caged Bivalves (Withdrawn 2022) |
ASTM E 1439 : 2012 : R2019 | Standard Guide for Conducting the Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay-Xenopus (FETAX) |
ASTM E 1841 : 2004 : R2012 | Standard Guide for Conducting Renewal Phytotoxicity Tests With Freshwater Emergent Macrophytes (Withdrawn 2021) |
ASTM E 1706 : 2019 | Standard Test Method for Measuring the Toxicity of Sediment-Associated Contaminants with Freshwater Invertebrates |
ASTM E 1611 : 2000 : R2013 | Standard Guide for Conducting Sediment Toxicity Tests with Polychaetous Annelids |
ASTM E 2455 : 2006 : R2013 | Standard Guide for Conducting Laboratory Toxicity Tests with Freshwater Mussels (Withdrawn 2022) |
ASTM E 1367 : 2003 : R2014 | Standard Test Method for Measuring the Toxicity of Sediment-Associated Contaminants with Estuarine and Marine Invertebrates |
ASTM D 6232 : 2016 | Standard Guide for Selection of Sampling Equipment for Waste and Contaminated Media Data Collection Activities |
ASTM E 2020 : 2016 | Standard Guide for Data and Information Options for Conducting an Ecological Risk Assessment at Contaminated Sites |
ASTM E 1563 : 1998 : R2012 | Standard Guide for Conducting Static Acute Toxicity Tests with Echinoid Embryos |
ASTM E 724 : 1998 : R2012 | Standard Guide for<brk type="line"/> Conducting Static Acute Toxicity Tests Starting with Embryos of Four Species of Saltwater Bivalve Molluscs |
ASTM E 1849 : 1996 : R2013 | Standard Guide for Fish and Wildlife Incident Monitoring and Reporting (Withdrawn 2022) |
ASTM E 2590 : 2015 | Standard Guide for Conducting Hazard Analysis-Critical Control Point (HACCP) Evaluations |
ASTM E 1688 : 2010 : R2016 | Standard Guide for Determination of the Bioaccumulation of Sediment-Associated Contaminants by Benthic Invertebrates |
ASTM E 2455 : 2022 | Standard Guide for Conducting Laboratory Toxicity Tests with Freshwater Mussels |
ASTM E 1525 : 2002 : R2023 | Standard Guide for Designing Biological Tests with Sediments |
ASTM E 1563 : 2021 : REV A | Standard Guide for Conducting Short-Term Chronic Toxicity Tests with Echinoid Embryos |
ASTM E 3268 : 2021 | Standard Guide for NAPL Mobility and Migration in Sediment—Sample Collection, Field Screening, and Sample Handling |
ASTM E 1562 : 2022 | Standard Guide for Conducting Acute, Chronic, and Life-Cycle Aquatic Toxicity Tests with Polychaetous Annelids |
ASTM E 2591 : 2022 | Standard Guide for Conducting Whole Sediment Toxicity Tests with Amphibians |
ASTM E 724 : 2021 | Standard Guide for<brk type="line"/> Conducting Static Short-Term Chronic Toxicity Tests Starting with Embryos of Four Species of Saltwater Bivalve Molluscs |
ASTM E 2020 : 2022 | Standard Guide for Data and Information Options for Conducting an Ecological Risk Assessment at Contaminated Sites |
ASTM E 1367 : 2003 : R2023 | Standard Test Method for Measuring the Toxicity of Sediment-Associated Contaminants with Estuarine and Marine Invertebrates |
ASTM E 2122 : 2022 | Standard Guide for Conducting In-situ Field Bioassays With Caged Bivalves |
ASTM D 6232 : 2021 | Standard Guide for Selection of Sampling Equipment for Waste and Contaminated Media Data Collection Activities |
ASTM E 3164 : 2018 | Standard Guide for Sediment Corrective Action – Monitoring |
ASTM E 1525 : 2002 : R2014 | Standard Guide for Designing Biological Tests with Sediments |
ASTM E 1367 : 2003 : EDT 1 | Standard Test Method for Measuring the Toxicity of Sediment-Associated Contaminants with Estuarine and Marine Invertebrates |
ASTM D 1067 : 2006 | Standard Test Methods for Acidity or Alkalinity of Water |
ASTM E 1706 : 2005 | Standard Test Method for Measuring the Toxicity of Sediment-Associated Contaminants with Freshwater Invertebrates |
ASTM E 1611 : 2000 : R2007 | Standard Guide for Conducting Sediment Toxicity Tests with Polychaetous Annelids |
ASTM D 1129 : 2013 : REDLINE | Standard Terminology Relating to Water |
ASTM D 1129 : 2003 | Standard Terminology Relating to Water |
ASTM D 1067 : 2002 | Standard Test Methods for Acidity or Alkalinity of Water |
ASTM E 1525 : 1994 | Standard Guide for Designing Biological Tests with Sediments |
ASTM D 1426 : 1998 | Standard Test Methods for Ammonia Nitrogen In Water |
ASTM D 1129 : 2013 | Standard Terminology Relating to Water |
ASTM D 1129 : 2013 : R2020 | Standard Terminology Relating to Water |
ASTM D 3976 : 1992 : R2005 | Standard Practice for Preparation of Sediment Samples for Chemical Analysis |
ASTM E 1688 : 2000 : REV A | Standard Guide for Determination of the Bioaccumulation of Sediment-Associated Contaminants by Benthic Invertebrates |
ASTM D 4822 : 1988 : R2008 | Standard Guide for Selection of Methods of Particle Size Analysis of Fluvial Sediments (Manual Methods) |
ASTM D 4822 : 1988 : R2019 | Standard Guide for Selection of Methods of Particle Size Analysis of Fluvial Sediments (Manual Methods) |
ASTM E 1611 : 2000 | Standard Guide for Conducting Sediment Toxicity Tests with Marine and Estuarine Polychaetous Annelids |
ASTM E 1688 : 2000 : REV A : R2007 | Standard Guide for Determination of the Bioaccumulation of Sediment-Associated Contaminants by Benthic Invertebrates |
ASTM E 729 : 1996 : R2014 | Standard Guide for Conducting Acute Toxicity Tests on Test Materials with Fishes, Macroinvertebrates, and Amphibians |
ASTM E 1525 : 1994 : REV A | Standard Guide for Designing Biological Tests with Sediments |
ASTM D 4823 : 1995 : R2019 | Standard Guide for Core Sampling Submerged, Unconsolidated Sediments |
ASTM E 1241 : 2022 | Standard Guide for<brk type="line"/> Conducting Early Life-Stage Toxicity Tests with Fishes |
ASTM D 3976 : 1992 : R2001 | Standard Practice for Preparation of Sediment Samples for Chemical Analysis |
ASTM E 1367 : 2003 : R2014 | Standard Test Method for Measuring the Toxicity of Sediment-Associated Contaminants with Estuarine and Marine Invertebrates |
ASTM D 1129 : 2006 | Standard Terminology Relating to Water |
ASTM D 3976 : 1992 : R2010 | Standard Practice for Preparation of Sediment Samples for Chemical Analysis |
ASTM D 4822 : 1988 : R2003 | Standard Guide for Selection of Methods of Particle Size Analysis of Fluvial Sediments (Manual Methods) |
ASTM E 1706 : 2000 : EDT 1 | Test Method for Measuring the Toxicity of Sediment-Associated Contaminants with Fresh Water Invertebrates |
ASTM E 1706 : 2020 | Standard Test Method for Measuring the Toxicity of Sediment-Associated Contaminants with Freshwater Invertebrates |
ASTM D 4823 : 1995 : R2014 | Standard Guide for Core Sampling Submerged, Unconsolidated Sediments |
ASTM D 3976 : 1992 : R1996 | Standard Practice for Preparation of Sediment Samples for Chemical Analysis |
ASTM D 1426 : 2015 : REDLINE | Standard Test Methods for Ammonia Nitrogen In Water |
ASTM D 4823 : 1995 : R2008 | Standard Guide for Core Sampling Submerged, Unconsolidated Sediments |
ASTM E 1706 : 2000 | Test Method for Measuring the Toxicity of Sediment-Associated Contaminants with Fresh Water Invertebrates |
ASTM E 1706 : 2005 : EDT 1 | Standard Test Method for Measuring the Toxicity of Sediment-Associated Contaminants with Freshwater Invertebrates |
ASTM D 4823 : 1995 : R2003 : EDT 1 | Standard Guide for Core Sampling Submerged, Unconsolidated Sediments |
ASTM D 1129 : 2013 : R2020 : EDT 1 | Standard Terminology Relating to Water |
ASTM D 1129 : 1999 : REV A | Standard Terminology Relating to Water |
ASTM D 1129 : 2006 : REV A | Standard Terminology Relating to Water |
IEEE/ASTM SI_10-2010 | American National Standard for Metric Practice |
ASTM D 1129 : 2003 : REV A | Standard Terminology Relating to Water |
ASTM D 1129 : 2002 | Standard Terminology Relating to Water |
ASTM E 1367 : 2003 : R2008 | Standard Test Method for Measuring the Toxicity of Sediment-Associated Contaminants with Estuarine and Marine Invertebrates |
ASTM D 1126 : 2002 | Standard Test Method for Hardness in Water |
ASTM D 4823 : 1995 : R1999 | Standard Guide for Core Sampling Submerged, Unconsolidated Sediments |
ASTM D 1426 : 2015 : R2021 : EDT 1 | Standard Test Methods for Ammonia Nitrogen In Water |
ASTM D 3976 : 1992 | PRACTICE FOR PREPARATION OF SEDIMENT SAMPLES FOR CHEMICAL ANALYSIS |
ASTM E 1611 : 2021 | Standard Guide for Conducting Sediment Toxicity Tests with Polychaetous Annelids |
ASTM E 1367 : 1992 | Standard Guide for Conducting 10-day Static Sediment Toxicity Tests with Marine and Estuarine Amphipods |
ASTM E 1688 : 2019 | Standard Guide for Determination of the Bioaccumulation of Sediment-Associated Contaminants by Benthic Invertebrates |
ASTM E 1611 : 2000 : R2013 | Standard Guide for Conducting Sediment Toxicity Tests with Polychaetous Annelids |
ASTM D 1129 : 2004 | Standard Terminology Relating to Water |
ASTM D 3976 : 2022 | Standard Practice for Preparation of Sediment Samples for Chemical Analysis |
ASTM D 3976 : 1992 : R2015 | Standard Practice for Preparation of Sediment Samples for Chemical Analysis |
ASTM E 1367 : 2003 | Standard Test Method for Measuring the Toxicity of Sediment-Associated Contaminants with Estuarine and Marine Invertebrates |
ASTM E 1706 : 2005 : R2010 | Standard Test Method for Measuring the Toxicity of Sediment-Associated Contaminants with Freshwater Invertebrates (Withdrawn 2019) |
ASTM E 1525 : 2002 : R2008 | Standard Guide for Designing Biological Tests with Sediments |
ASTM D 1126 : 2012 | Standard Test Method for Hardness in Water |
ASTM D 1067 : 2016 | Standard Test Methods for Acidity or Alkalinity of Water |
ASTM E 1706 : 2000 : EDT 2 | Test Method for Measuring the Toxicity of Sediment-Associated Contaminants with Freshwater Invertebrates |
ASTM D 1126 : 2002 : R2007 : EDT 1 | Standard Test Method for Hardness in Water |
ASTM E 943 : 2008 : R2014 | Standard Terminology Relating to Biological Effects and Environmental Fate (Withdrawn 2023) |
ASTM D 1067 : 2016 : REDLINE | Standard Test Methods for Acidity or Alkalinity of Water |
ASTM D 4822 : 1988 : R2014 | Standard Guide for Selection of Methods of Particle Size Analysis of Fluvial Sediments (Manual Methods) |
ASTM E 1706 : 2004 | Test Method for Measuring the Toxicity of Sediment-Associated Contaminants with Freshwater Invertebrates |
ASTM D 1126 : 2017 | Standard Test Method for Hardness in Water |
ASTM E 1241 : 2005 | Standard Guide for Conducting Early Life-Stage Toxicity Tests with Fishes |
ASTM D 1129 : 2002 : REV A | Standard Terminology Relating to Water |
ASTM E 729 : 2023 | Standard Guide for Conducting Acute Toxicity Tests on Test Materials with Fishes, Macroinvertebrates, and Amphibians |
ASTM D 1126 : 1996 | Standard Test Method for Hardness in Water |
ASTM D 1067 : 1988 | Standard Test Methods for Acidity or Alkalinity of Water |
ASTM E 729 : 1996 | Standard Guide for Conducting Acute Toxicity Tests on Test Materials with Fishes, Macroinvertebrates, and Amphibians |
ASTM E 1688:2010 | Standard Guide for Determination of the Bioaccumulation of Sediment-Associated Contaminants by Benthic Invertebrates |
ASTM D 4387 : 1984 : R1997 | Standard Guide for Selecting Grab Sampling Devices for Collecitng Benthic Macroinvertebrates |
ASTM D 4822 : 1988 : R1999 | Standard Guide for Selection of Methods of Particle Size Analysis of Fluvial Sediments (Manual Methods) |
ASTM D 1426 : 2008 | Standard Test Methods for Ammonia Nitrogen In Water |
ASTM D 1426 : 2015 | Standard Test Methods for Ammonia Nitrogen In Water |
ASTM E 1706 : 2019 | Standard Test Method for Measuring the Toxicity of Sediment-Associated Contaminants with Freshwater Invertebrates |
ASTM D 1129 : 2010 | Standard Terminology Relating to Water |
ASTM E 1525 : 2002 | Standard Guide for Designing Biological Tests with Sediments |
ASTM D 1129 : 2006 : REV A : EDT 1 | Standard Terminology Relating to Water |
ASTM E 1241 : 2005 : R2013 | Standard Guide for<brk type="line"/> Conducting Early Life-Stage Toxicity Tests with Fishes (Withdrawn 2022) |
ASTM D 1129 : 2001 | Standard Terminology Relating to Water |
ASTM D 1129 : 2004 : EDT 1 | Standard Terminology Relating to Water |
ASTM E 729 : 2023 : EDT 1 | Standard Guide for Conducting Acute Toxicity Tests on Test Materials with Fishes, Macroinvertebrates, and Amphibians |
ASTM E 1241 : 1998 | Standard Guide for Conducting Early Life-Stage Toxicity Tests with Fishes |
ASTM E 1367 : 1999 | Standard Guide for Conducting 10-day Static Sediment Toxicity Tests with Marine and Estuarine Amphipods |
ASTM D 1067 : 2011 | Standard Test Methods for Acidity or Alkalinity of Water |
ASTM E 1688 : 2010 : R2016 | Standard Guide for Determination of the Bioaccumulation of Sediment-Associated Contaminants by Benthic Invertebrates |
ASTM E 1525 : 2002 : R2014 | Standard Guide for Designing Biological Tests with Sediments |
ASTM D 1426 : 2003 | Standard Test Methods for Ammonia Nitrogen In Water |
ASTM D 1067 : 1992 : R1996 | Standard Test Methods for Acidity or Alkalinity of Water |
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