API 2300 : 1ED 85

Executive summary
Section 1 - Introduction and scope
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Objective of the project
1.3 Organization of the research effort
Section 2 - Fire test screening
2.1 Phase I of the study
2.2 General test procedures
2.2.1 Test tank
2.2.2 Foam makers
2.2.3 Disposal system
2.2.4 Solution preparation
2.2.5 Foam concentrates and properties
2.2.6 Water
2.2.7 Gasoline (base fuel)
2.3 Instrumentation and measurements
2.3.1 Temperature measurement
2.3.2 Weather station
2.3.3 Radiometer-calorimeter
2.3.4 Videotape and photographs
2.4 Fire test
2.4.1 Basic fire test
2.4.2 Resistance to reignition and burnback tests
2.4.3 Results
2.5 Selection of generic foams
2.5.1 Protein foams
2.5.2 Fluoroprotein foams
2.5.3 Aqueous film forming foams
2.5.4 Alcohol resistant concentrates
Section 3 - Fire testing of generic foams
3.1 Phase II of the study
3.2 General test procedures
3.2.1 Dry test tank
3.2.2 Test fuel blend
3.2.3 Foam concentration and premix preparation
3.3 Fire test performance of protein concentrate foam
3.3.1 Base fuel test
3.3.2 RUG + 10% ETOH test
3.3.3 RUG + 10% MEOH test
3.3.4 RUG + 7% TBA test
3.3.5 RUG + 7% MTBE test
3.3.6 Minimum acceptable application rates
3.3.7 Evaluation of protein concentrate foam
3.4 Fire test performance of fluoroprotein
       concentrate foam
3.4.1 Base fuel test
3.4.2 RUG + 10% ETOH test
3.4.3 RUG + 10% MEOH test
3.4.4 RUG + 7% TBA test
3.4.5 RUG + 7% MTBE test
3.4.6 Minimum acceptable application rates
3.4.7 Evaluation of fluoroprotein concentrate
3.5 Fire test performance of alcohol resistant
       concentrate
3.5.1 Base fuel test
3.5.2 RUG + 10% ETOH test
3.5.3 RUG + 10% MEOH test
3.5.4 RUG + 7% TBA test
3.5.5 RUG + 7% MTBE test
3.5.6 Minimum acceptable application rates
3.5.7 Evaluation of alcohol resistant concentrate
3.6 Fire test performance of aqueous film forming
       foam
3.6.1 Base fuel test
3.6.2 RUG + 10% ETOH test
3.6.3 RUG + 10% MEOH test
3.6.4 RUG + 7% TBA test
3.6.5 RUG + 7% MTBE test
3.6.6 Minimum acceptable application rates
3.6.7 Evaluation of aqueous film forming foam
       concentrate
Section 4 - Subsurface foam application tests
4.1 Introduction
4.2 General test procedures
4.2.1 Small scale test tank
4.2.2 Foam making system
4.2.3 Foam concentrates
4.2.4 Gasoline (base fuel)
4.2.5 Fire test procedure
4.3 Test results
4.3.1 Fluoroprotein concentrate
4.3.2 Alcohol resistant concentrate
Section 5 - Special studies with "other" gasolines
5.1 "Other" gasolines
5.2 Evaluation of fire test results
5.2.1 Generic foams selected
5.2.2 Gasoline A
5.2.3 Gasoline B
5.2.4 Gasoline C
5.2.5 Overall assessment
5.3 Fire test procedure
5.4 Application techniques
5.4.1 Hand held nozzle
5.4.2 Simulated chamber
5.4.3 Lobbing (fixed nozzle)
5.5 Evaluation of the application techniques
5.5.1 Hand held nozzle
5.5.2 Simulated chamber
5.5.3 Lobbing (fixed nozzle)
5.6 Neat alcohol studies
Section 6 - Additional tests involving aqueous film
            forming foam concentrate
Appendix - Glossary of terms
Tables
E-1 Minimum acceptable foam application rates with
     fresh water
1 Application and flow rates
2 Calibration of the foam makers
3 Foam quality
4 Foam concentrate properties
5 Base-line regular unleaded gasoline properties
6 Protein concentrate test results
7 Fluoroprotein concentrate test results
8 Aqueous film forming foam concentrate test results
9 Alcohol resistant concentrate test results
10 Protein concentrate performance by additive
11 Minimum acceptable application rates for protein
     concentrate
12 Fluoroprotein concentrate performance by additive
13 Minimum acceptable application rates for
     fluoroprotein concentrate
14 Alcohol resistant concentrate performance by
     additive
15 Minimum acceptable application rates for alcohol
     resistant concentrate
16 Aqueous film forming foam concentrate performance
     by additive
17 Minimum acceptable application rates for aqueous
     film forming foam concentrate
18 Subsurface foam test with fluoroprotein foam
     concentrate
19 Subsurface foam test with alcohol resistant
     concentrate
20 "Other" fuel properties
21 "Other" fuels study - Gasoline A
22 "Other" fuels study - Gasoline B
23 "Other" fuels study - Gasoline C
24 Hand held nozzle application study
25 Chamber test foam application study
26 Lobbing (fixed nozzle) test foam application study
27 Studies using alcohol resistant concentrate
28 Supplemental study with RUG + 10% ETOH
Figures
1 Test tank
2 Stand for holding foam maker
3 Use fuel disposal system
4 Premix tanks and pumping system
5 Equipment for measuring physical properties of foam
6 Heat flux sensors
7 Heat flux measurement
8 Small scale subsurface test tank
9 Subsurface foam making system
10 Small scale subsurface fire test
11 Simulated foam chamber
12 Fixed nozzle lobbing test

Describes various generic foams for extinguishing fires involving alcohol or polar additive containing fuels. Four generic types of foam liquids were evaluated: protein, fluoroprotein, aqueous film forming foam, and alcohol resistant concentrate. Provides necessary technical information required for updating API's recommended practices and guidelines for flammable liquid fire protection. Provides information to support industry positions on fire protection of alcohol containing fuels.